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Passage Four Within hours of appearing on television to announce the end of conscription, President Jacques Chirac moved quickly to prevent any dissent from within the military establishment. Addressing more than 500 military staff officers at the military academy in Paris yesterday, Mr Chirac said clearly that he "expected" their loyalty in the work of rebuilding France’s national defense. He understood their "legitimate concerns, questions and emotions" at the reforms, but added: "You must understand that there is not and never has been any rigid model for French defense. Military service has been compulsory for less than a century. Realism required that our armed forces should now be professional." The President’s decision to abolish conscription over a period of six years removes a rite of passage for young Frenchmen that has existed since the Revolution, even though obligatory national service only became law in 1905. As recently as 1993, an opinion poll showed that more than 60% of French people said they feared the abolition of conscription could endanger national security. A poll conducted this month, however, showed that 70% of those asked favored ending of practice, and on the streets and in offices yesterday, the response to Mr. Chirac’s announcement was generally positive. Among people who completed their 10-month period of national service in the last few years or were contemplating the prospect, there was almost universal approval, tempered by a sense that something hard to define—mixing with people from other backgrounds, a formative experience, a process that encouraged national or social cohesion—might be lost. Patrick, who spent his year in the French city of Valance assigning and collecting uniforms, and is now a computer manager, said he was in tears for his first week, and hated most of his time. He thought it was "useless" as a form of military training— "I only fired a rifle twice" —but, in retrospect, useful for learning how to get on with people and instilling patriotism. As many as 25% of those liable for military service in France somehow avoid it—the percentage is probably much greater in the more educated and higher social classes. According to Geoffroy, a 26-year-old reporter, who spent his time in the navy with the information office in central Paris, the injustice is a good reason for abolishing it. People with money or connections, he said, can get well-paid assignments abroad. "It’s not fair: some do it, some don’t." Several expressed support for the idea of a new socially-oriented voluntary service that would be open to both men and women. But the idea seemed less popular among women. At present, women have the option of voluntary military service and a small number choose to take it. In place of military service, President Chirac proposed the establishment of ______.
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Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Assuming that a constant travel-time budget, geographic constraints and short-term infrastructure constraints persist as fundamental features of global mobility, what long-term results can one expect In high-income regions, (21) North America, our picture suggests that the share of traffic (22) supplied by buses and automobiles will decline as high-speed transport rises sharply. In developing countries, we (23) the strongest increase to be in the shares first for buses and later for automobiles. Globally, these (24) in bus and automobile transport are partially offsetting. In all regions, the share of low-speed rail transport will probably continue its strongly (25) decline. We expect that throughout the period 1990～2050, the (26) North American will continue to devote most of his or her 1.1-hour travel-time (27) to automobile travel. The very large demand (28) air travel (or high-speed rail travel) that will be manifest in 2050 (29) to only 12 minutes per person a day; a little time goes a long way in the air. In several developing regions, most travel (30) in 2050 will still be devoted to nonmotorized modes. Buses will persist (31) the primary form of motorized transportation in developing countries for decades. (32) important air travel becomes, buses, automobiles and (33) low-speed trains will surely go on serving vital functions. (34) of the super-rich already commute and shop in aircraft, but average people will continue to spend most of their travel time on the (35) .
Passage Four Within hours of appearing on television to announce the end of conscription, President Jacques Chirac moved quickly to prevent any dissent from within the military establishment. Addressing more than 500 military staff officers at the military academy in Paris yesterday, Mr Chirac said clearly that he "expected" their loyalty in the work of rebuilding France’s national defense. He understood their "legitimate concerns, questions and emotions" at the reforms, but added: "You must understand that there is not and never has been any rigid model for French defense. Military service has been compulsory for less than a century. Realism required that our armed forces should now be professional." The President’s decision to abolish conscription over a period of six years removes a rite of passage for young Frenchmen that has existed since the Revolution, even though obligatory national service only became law in 1905. As recently as 1993, an opinion poll showed that more than 60% of French people said they feared the abolition of conscription could endanger national security. A poll conducted this month, however, showed that 70% of those asked favored ending of practice, and on the streets and in offices yesterday, the response to Mr. Chirac’s announcement was generally positive. Among people who completed their 10-month period of national service in the last few years or were contemplating the prospect, there was almost universal approval, tempered by a sense that something hard to define—mixing with people from other backgrounds, a formative experience, a process that encouraged national or social cohesion—might be lost. Patrick, who spent his year in the French city of Valance assigning and collecting uniforms, and is now a computer manager, said he was in tears for his first week, and hated most of his time. He thought it was "useless" as a form of military training— "I only fired a rifle twice" —but, in retrospect, useful for learning how to get on with people and instilling patriotism. As many as 25% of those liable for military service in France somehow avoid it—the percentage is probably much greater in the more educated and higher social classes. According to Geoffroy, a 26-year-old reporter, who spent his time in the navy with the information office in central Paris, the injustice is a good reason for abolishing it. People with money or connections, he said, can get well-paid assignments abroad. "It’s not fair: some do it, some don’t." Several expressed support for the idea of a new socially-oriented voluntary service that would be open to both men and women. But the idea seemed less popular among women. At present, women have the option of voluntary military service and a small number choose to take it. Conscription in France has existed ______.
×日，B石化分公司双苯厂硝基苯精馏塔发生爆炸，造成8人死亡，60人受伤，直接经济损失6908万元，并引发江水污染事件。国务院事故及事件调查组认定，中石油B石化分公司双苯厂“12·13”爆炸事故和江水污染事件是一起特大生产安全责任事故和特别重大水污染责任事件。 1．爆炸事故的直接原因是：硝基苯精制岗位处操作人员违反操作规程，在停止粗硝基苯进料后，未关闭预热器蒸汽阀门，导致预热器内物料气化；恢复硝基苯精制单元生产时，再次违反操作规程，先打开了热器蒸汽阀门加热，后启动粗硝基苯进料泵进料，引起进入预热器的物料突沸并发生剧烈振动，使预热器及管线的法兰松动、密封失效，空气吸入系统，由于摩擦、静电等原因，导致硝基苯精馏塔发生爆炸，并引发其他装置、设施连续爆炸。 2．爆炸事故的主要原因是：双苯厂对安全生产管理重视不够、对存在的安全隐患整改不力，安全生产管理制度存在漏洞，劳动组织管理存在缺陷。 3．污染事件的直接原因是：双苯厂没有事故状态下防止受污染的“清净下水”流入江水的措施，爆炸事故发生后，未能及时采取有效措施，防止泄漏出来的部分物料和循环水及抢救事故现场消防水与残余物料的混合物流入江里。 4．污染事件的主要原因： 一是B分公司及双苯厂对可能生的事故会引发江水污染问题没有进行深入研究，有关应急预案有重大缺失。 二是该市事故应急救援指挥部对水污染估计不足，重视不够，未提出防控措施和要求。 三是中国石油天然气集团公司和股份公司对环境保护工作重视不够，对B分公司环保工作中存在的问题失察，对水污染估计不足，重视不够，未能及时督促采取措施。 四是该市环保局没有及时向事故应急救援指挥部建议采取措施。 五是省环保局对水污染问题重视不够，没有按照有关规定全面、准确地报告水污染程度。 六是环保总局在事件初期对可能生的严重后果估计不足，重视不够，没有及时提出妥善处置意见。 根据以上场景，回答下列问题： 《危险化学品安全管理条例》第二十二条规定，生产、储存危险化学品的企业，应当委托具备国家规定的资质条件的机构，对本企业的安全生产条件每( )进行一次安全评价，提出安全评价报告。
Passage Five Most people who develop Lyme disease, a tick-borne infection that’s endemic in parts of the Northeast and Midwest, are easily cured by taking an antibiotic like doxycycline for a couple of weeks. But for years a debate has raged over what to do about patients whose symptoms (fatigue, mental confusion, joint pain) never seem to clear up. One small but vocal group of doctors and patient advocates believes that Lyme’s corkscrew-shaped spirochetes have tunneled deep into their victims’ bodies and can be eradicated only with intensive antibiotic treatment over many months. Another group believes, just as adamantly, that the bacteria are long gone, making further treatment with powerful antibiotics—which can lead to potentially fatal infections or blood clots—positively dangerous. Now comes word of two studies in the New England Journal of Medicine that show that long-term antibiotic treatment is no better than a placebo for folks with chronic Lyme disease. Originally scheduled for publication in July, the research is part of a group of findings made public last week -just in time for the peak Lyme months of June and July. If confirmed by another major study that’s looking at chronic Lyme and antibiotics from a slightly different perspective, the results would seem to settle the question once and for all. Researchers from Boston, New Haven, Conn., and Valhalla, N. Y., followed 129 patients who had previously been treated for well-documented eases of Lyme disease. Sixty-four were given antibiotics directly into their veins for a month, followed by two months of oral antibiotics. The others received dummy medications. A third of the chronic Lyme patients got better while taking the antibiotics. But so did a third of those on the placebo. Indeed, the results were so similar that a monitoring board decided to cut the trials short rather than add more subjects to the test groups. Unfortunately, the debate over chronic Lyme has become so heated that no one expects the controversy to go away. But both sides may take comfort in the other findings that were released by the New England Journal last week. After studying 482 subjects bitten by deer ticks in a part of New York with a lot of Lyme disease, researchers concluded that a singly 200-rug dose of doxycycline dramatically cut the risk of contracting the disease. That good news is tempered somewhat by the fact that 80% of patients who develop the infection don’t remember ever being bitten by a tick. (The bugs inject an anesthetic into the skin to mask the pain and in their nymph stage are so small—about the size of a poppy seed--that they are easily overlooked.) There’s still plenty you can do to protect yourself in a Lyme-infested neighborhood: tuck your pants in your socks, spray DEET on your clothing, check yourself and your kids for ticks. And if you develop a spreading red rash—particularly if it’s accompanied by joint pain, chills or confusion—make sure you see a doctor right away. The tick, as always, is to be vigilant without overreacting. The word "adamantly" (in boldface) is closest in meaning to ______.
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