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110kV电压等级等电位作业转移电位时，人体裸露部分与带电体最小距离为0.4m。
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Read the following texts’ and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Part ARead the following text and answer the questions which appcompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark you answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Text 1 It was a cold, rainy and wholly miserable afternoon in Washington, and a hot muggy night in Miami. It was Sunday, and three games were played in the two cities. The people playing them and the people watching them tell us much about the ever-changing ethnic structure of the United States. American males are more addicted to sports than females are, but not by a huge margin. Females are more addicted to the theatre and concert halls than males are, but not by a huge margin. In our electronic age, addicts and experts alike can be couch potatoes, enjoying their entertainments from the comfort of home. Tree fans get off their butts and go. The three games in the two cities on that miserable Sunday afternoon had respective attendances of 75,061,67,204 and 57,318. The biggest crowd watched professional football, in which the Washington Redskins were beaten by the Blatimore Ravens. The crowds sat in the cold and rain, and most of them endured the weather to the bitter end because the outcome of the game was in doubt. Professional football in the United States is almost wholly played by nativeborn American citizens, mostly very large and very strong, many of them are black. It is a game of physical strength, Linemen routinely weigh more than 300 pounds. Players are valued for their weight and muscles, for how fast they can run and how hard they can hit each other. Football draws the biggest crowds, but the teams play only once a week, because they get so battered. The 67,204 fans were in Miami for the final game of the baseball World Series. Baseball was once America’s favourite game, but has lost that claim to basketball. The 1997 World Series was much reviled in the news media of the largest cities, mostly because they had been shut out of it. NBC, which broadcast the Series, wished loudly that it hadn’t. Despite all the bad press, every game was sold out and double the tickets could have been sold had the stadiums accommodated more people. Baseball is a game that requires strength, but not hugeness. Agility, quickness, perfect vision and quick reaction are more important than pure strength. Baseball was once a purely American game, but has spread around much of the New World. In that Sunday’s finale, the final hit of the extra inning game was delivered by a native of Columbia. The Most Valuable Player in the game was a native of Cuba. The rosters of both teams were awash with Hispanic names, as is Miami, which now claims the World Championship is a game that may be losing popularity in America, but has gained it in much of the rest of the world. Baseball in America has taken on a strong Hispanic flavor, with a dash of Japanese added for seasoning. In soccer, the ethnic tide has been the reverse of baseball’s. Until recently, professional soccer in the United States had largely been an import, played by south Americans and Europeans. Now, American citizens in large numbers are finally taking up the most popular game in the world. Basketball, an American invention increasingly played around the world, these days draws large crowds back home. Likewise, hockey, a game largely imported to the United States from neighbouring Canada. Lacrosse, a version of which was played by Native Americans before the Europeans arrived, is also gaining a keen national following. Sports of all kinds are winning support from American armchair enthusiasts from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. ______ is the most popular game in America.
Part C The following passage is divided into three sections. You are asked to find out in which sections the 10 statements are discussed or implied. Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B or C and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1. A =Section A B =Section B C =Section CThe author holds that engineering and humanities have the least in common. 71．_______Science and humantities are both theoretical subjects. 72．_______The author’s thought processes are different when he studies literature and author used it. 73．_______The other students didn’t understand the language of mathematics when the author used it. 74．_______The author changed his minors. 75．_______The author wanted to combine engineering with humanities. 76．_______The author chose the college he attended because he wanted a broad education that would develop flexibility and values. 77．_______The author’s secondary school ambition was to major in electrical engineering. 78．_______Many engineering students don’t take their core courses seriously. 79．_______The author found that his two fields of study did not mix well and he could not apply them easily. 80．_______ Section A Engineering students are supposed to be practically and rationally personified, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, prestigious reputation and lots of fancy labs and research equipment. But that’s not what I did. I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university that doesn’t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults commended me for such a prudent choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them. I headed off to college being sure I was going to have an advantage over these students who went to the big engineering "factories" where they didn’t care if you had values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one. Now I’m not so sure. Somewhere along the line my lofty ideals smacked into reality, as all naive visions eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with the humanities courses of my core, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to combine engineering with a broad liberal curriculum in college. Section B The reality that has blocked my breezy path to stereotype smasher is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two disciplines is difficult. Students who pursue more traditional liberal arts degrees don’t experience the dichotomy between major and core studies that I do. English or psychology majors find related subjects in almost any of their core courses. They can apply much of what they learn in "Chaucer and His Age" or "Personality Theories" to questions raised in "American Foreign Policy" or "Religions of the World". But I rarely find that my ability to analyze circuits by LaPlace transforms is applicable to the discussions held in my religion or history courses. What I contribute is almost always something learned in another core class, not in the science building. On the rare occasions when I do speak from my knowledge of engineering, there is a language barrier. I can’t talk mathematics to the people in my core classes because most don’t understand it. They force me to deliver a diluted and popularized version of my point that often fails to convey the impact I think it should. It’s like telling a joke to someone who doesn’t get it. You say the punch line and he looks dumbly at you, waiting for more. It’s frustrating. Not only do engineering and humanities subjects not overlap, but each discipline demands that I think in separate modes. When I walk into a core classroom I am expected to look at many different aspects of existence from a single point of view, such as ethical theory or Romantic poetry. When I enter an electronics laboratory I am expected to examine one thing, such as the characteristics of the ideal transformer, from several different angles, such as the laws of magnetic induction or the perspective of practical design. It feels different in the classroom than in the lab. The differences follow me out of the classroom. When I sit back in the recliner in my room to read a novel for "British Literature", I open my mind to allow associations between new knowledge and old. But when it is time to work through a few problems for "Electromagnetic Theory", I sit down at my desk on a hard wooden chair and shut out all of my thoughts except those that will help me find the answers. Section C The Two Cultures. The essential approach of each discipline can be captured in a metaphor. Imagine how each would use a spotlight to explore a theatrical stage. The humanities would use one colored filter and point the light all over the stage. Engineering would focus a tight beam on one particular actor and use the entire spectrum of colored filters. The gap between the two cultures of science and humanities is a common theme. But the engineer has even less in common with the humanities than the scientist does. The scientist at least shares the humanist’s ideal of knowledge for its own sake: the unimpeachable position of pure theory. Engineers are denied even this because they are explicitly concerned with using knowledge to fulfill our needs and purposes, both glorious and mundane. There is no pure theory in engineering. There is only what works. Many engineering students avoid the conflict between their major and their core by placing less emphasis on courses outside their major. They train their thinking to be most effective at solving well-defined problems and muddle through the foggy issues in their core courses as best they can. I am stubborn enough to believe I can learn to think more freely and still be an effective engineer, and that I can be technically honed and still be a human being. But I know I can’t smash all the stereotypes; I have acquired some of the prejudices they are based on. My writing professor urges me to be less rational. My religion professor reminds me that technology cannot solve all our problems, as much as I would like it to. As I was preparing last spring to register for classes this fall, I saw that I could be spending more time in the lab than ever during my senior year. Suddenly I wanted out. I swapped my minors in electrical engineering and computer science for a degree in physics, the most I could do without postponing my graduation. I was reluctant to switch, and someday I may return to engineering. But for now I need to stay closer to the humanities of my core so that I do not abandon part of myself before I know who I really am.
Text 3 Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to refer to things or processes which have no names in ordinary English, and partly to secure greater exactness in expression. Such special dialects, or jargon, are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts and other occupations, such as farming and fishing, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fibre of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, and philosophy have also become pretty familiar to cultivated person, and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet, every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political sciences and in the mechanic arts. Hence new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a closed guild. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, and the cleric associates freely with his fellow creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called popular science makes everybody acquainted with modem views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and every body is soon talking about it as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus, our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace. The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to ______.
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