3. Which description is correct for cingulate and insular areas during the perception of pain?
A. (A) both cingulate and insular areas can respond to different pain perception
B. (B) only cingulate has a response during the stimulation of noxious heat
C. (C) activities of cingulate and insular areas are the same during cool stimulation
D. (D) all of above
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2. Why do we have pain sensation in the thermal grill experiment?
A. (A) disinhibition to cold pain
B. (B) only noxious cold pathway is evoked
C. (C) warm pathway facilitates noxious cold pathway
D. (D) cool pathway is over excited
1. Which ascending pathway is responsible for regulating neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses of pain?
A. (A) spinoreticular tract
B. (B) spinomesencephalic tract
C. (C) cervicothalamic tract
D. (D) spinohypothalamic tract
3. Where can we find the silent nociceptors?
A. (A) arms
B. (B) fingers
C. (C) viscera
D. (D) toes
2. How does hyperalgesia develop?
A. (A) sensitization of nociceptors
B. (B) desensitization of nociceptors
C. (C) adaptation of nociceptors
D. (D) habituation of nociceptors
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