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The final video segment on calcium discussed the use of hormone replacement therapy to treat osteoporosis. It is a complicated topic, so let's try to summarize some of the main points.Which of the following is the key reason for using estrogen to treat osteoporosis?

A. Estrogen levels vary from person to person
B. Estrogen levels decrease after menopause
C. Estrogen has been shown to increase calcium absorption
D. Estrogen can cure osteoporosis

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A lack of physical exercise can lead to a(n) __________ in bone mass therefore weight bearing exercise is recommended as a treatment for osteoporosis.

A. increase
B. decrease

Increase or Decrease! Use the drop down menu to complete the statements relating to the osteoporosis treatment options discussed in the previous video segment.Vitamin D has been shown to __________ calcium uptake when the two supplements are taken together.

A. increase
B. decrease

Comparing and contrasting the results for the two patients, what general conclusion could you draw? Select the statement below that best matches the results from the risk calculator.

A. For patients with similar physical characteristics, age is the main risk factor because the 80 year old woman has a significantly greater risk of fracture than the 60 year old woman who smokes and drinks alcohol on a regular basis.
B. Given similar physical characteristics, lifestyle choices such as drinking alcohol on a regular basis and smoking result in a 60 year old women having approximately the same risk of fracture as an 80 year old women.
C. Given that both women have similar physical characteristics, the results demonstrate that smoking and drinking alcohol on a regular basis has a minimal effect on fracture risk predictions.

During the lecture, Dr. Harpp demonstrated the formula for calculating how long it takes for bone mass to "halve". In his example, it would take 10 years given a rate of decrease of 7% per year for the bone mass to be "halved".Suppose through the use of calcium supplements and increased physical activity the rate of bone loss was reduced to 4% per year. Recalculate the number of years to it will take to halve the bone mass.(Round your answer to one decimal place) ______

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