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Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to give proper answers to questions. There are 5 recorded questions in it. After each question, there is a pause. The questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

A. He works hard.
B. He is reading.
C. He feels ill.
D. He is very kind.

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It has been necessary to refer repeatedly to the effects of the two world wars in promoting all kinds of innovation. It should be (21) also that technological innovations have (22) the character of war itself by (23) of new mechanical and chemical devices. One weapon developed during World War Ⅱ (24) a special mention. The (25) of rocket propulsion was well known earlier, and Us possibilities as a (26) of achieving speeds sufficient to escape from the Earth’ s gravitational pull had been (27) by the Russian and the American scientists. The latter built experimental liquid-fuelled rockets in 1926. (28) , a group of German and Romanian pioneers was working (29) the same lines, and in the 1930s, it was tins team that developed a rocket (30) of delivering a warhead hundreds miles away. Reaching a height of over 100 miles, the V-2 rocket (31) the beginning of the Space Age, and members of its design team were (32) in both the Soviet and United States space programs after the war. Technology had a tremendous social (33) in the period 1900-45. The automobile and electric power, (34) , radically changed both the scale and the quality of 20th-century life, (35) a process of rapid urbanization and a virtual revolution (36) living through mass production of household goods and (37) . The rapid development of the airplane, the cinema, and radio made the world seem suddenly smaller and more (38) . The development of many products of the chemical industry further transformed the life of most people. In the years (39) 1945 the constructive and creative opportunities of modern technology could be (40) , although the process has not been without its problems.

A. on the other hand
B. as a result
C. on the contrary
D. for instance

It has been necessary to refer repeatedly to the effects of the two world wars in promoting all kinds of innovation. It should be (21) also that technological innovations have (22) the character of war itself by (23) of new mechanical and chemical devices. One weapon developed during World War Ⅱ (24) a special mention. The (25) of rocket propulsion was well known earlier, and Us possibilities as a (26) of achieving speeds sufficient to escape from the Earth’ s gravitational pull had been (27) by the Russian and the American scientists. The latter built experimental liquid-fuelled rockets in 1926. (28) , a group of German and Romanian pioneers was working (29) the same lines, and in the 1930s, it was tins team that developed a rocket (30) of delivering a warhead hundreds miles away. Reaching a height of over 100 miles, the V-2 rocket (31) the beginning of the Space Age, and members of its design team were (32) in both the Soviet and United States space programs after the war. Technology had a tremendous social (33) in the period 1900-45. The automobile and electric power, (34) , radically changed both the scale and the quality of 20th-century life, (35) a process of rapid urbanization and a virtual revolution (36) living through mass production of household goods and (37) . The rapid development of the airplane, the cinema, and radio made the world seem suddenly smaller and more (38) . The development of many products of the chemical industry further transformed the life of most people. In the years (39) 1945 the constructive and creative opportunities of modern technology could be (40) , although the process has not been without its problems.

A. exploited
B. applied
C. adopted
D. processed

Black holes. They act like huge drains in the universe. Frightening Fascinating Or just fantasy The very concept of black holes confuses our common sense notions of matter, time, and space. The theory that black holes can, and probably do, exist in space doesn’ t only concern scientists and astronomers. 61. For if the theory is valid, we must question all our basic physical laws and, indeed, our "normal" experience of the physical world around us. What is a black hole Well, it’ s difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. 62. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape--not even light. So we can’ t see a black hole. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space--or so we think. How can this happen The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they "collapse" and sometimes a supernova occurs. The collapse of a star may produce a "White Dwarf" or a "neutron star"--a star whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large (much bigger, than our sun) this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. 63. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. Any matter near the black hole is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Our space and time laws don’ t seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einstein’ s relativity theory is the only one that can explain such phenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so that there is no "absolute" time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer--they are relative. 64. We do not yet fully understand the implications of relativity theory; but it is interesting that Einstein’ s theory provided a basis for their existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems. In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a partner to "the one which we can see in the sky. There is one star, called by its catalogue number HDE 226868, which must have a partner. This partner star, it seems, has a mass ten or twenty times greater than the sun--yet we can’ t see it. Matter from HDE 226868 is being dragged towards this companion star. Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions. The story of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them are endless. There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day harness the energy of black holes for man’ s use on earth. There are also suggestions that black holes could be used to create bombs in the future, by amplifying radio waves sent up to them. These speculations sound like science fiction. But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers. 65. They show us a world that operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.

Passage 4 Surgeons will soon be able to enter the eye to carry out operations--at least in a virtual sense. Techniques derived from virtual reality--the computer system that immerses operations in an artificial computer-generated world--will allow surgeons to feel as if he could see the inside of the eye during an operation, creating the illusion that they are actually there. Researchers at the Biorobotics Laboratory of McGill University in Montreal are building a robot, known as Micro Surgery robot - 1 (MSR - I for short), that will perform delicate operations under the control of a human surgeon. The robot is specifically designed for performing eye surgery but could have other applications, such as the removal of brain tumors. The system could also be used to allow surgeons and their students to practise simulated surgery that feel like the real thing-without the real consequences for the patients. During the operations, the surgeon manipulates a set of control known as the master. These are connected through a high-performance computer to the robot. Both the master and the robot have two limbs, When the surgeon moves the masters’ limbs, the robots limbs move in exactly the same way, except that the movements can be scaled down as much as a thousand times. This will eliminate hand tremor and poor accuracy and thus reduce the damage to the eye that can occur with present microsurgery techniques. Each of the robots limbs has a minimum movement of one micrometer--more than one hundred times the precision of the human hand. The computer also creates a three-dimensional robot’ s eye view of the inside of the eye that the surgeon can see by wearing a virtual reality helmet that has a small lens in front of each eye. To provide the surgeon with such a realistic experience, MSR-I must be able to move rapidly, but this requires extremely fast computing. To handle the computational demands of instant interaction, the McGill team is constructing its own parallel-processing computer. It is also studying areas such as muscle mechanism, artificial intelligence and optics, and has a already built another micro robot MR-I, capable of manipulating a single living cell. Although commercial applications of the new system are not expected for several years, its basic mechanical components will be ready for testing in a few months, "The day when micro-robots will be able to perform surgery without human intervention is many years away," says Hunter, "in the meantime, a system such as MRS-I is a necessary precursor." What is MSR-1 designed for

A. For making inside-eye observations.
B. For carrying out operations on human eyes.
C. For cutting off brain tumors.
D. For both B and C.

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