1. Which type of nerve fibers is responsible for the second pain?
A. (A) Aα nerve fiber
B. (B) Aβ nerve fiber
C. (C) Aδ nerve fiber
D. (D) C nerve fiber
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3. Which is correct about transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels?
A. (A) TRP channels have many subtypes which are sensitive to different temperatures
B. (B) TRP channel has six transmembrane domains
C. (C) TRPV1 is a receptor for detecting capsaicin
D. (D) all of above
2. How do snakes detect infrared signals?
A. (A) by TRPA1 channels in the retina
B. (B) by TRPA1 channels in the pit organ
C. (C) by TRPV1-S channels in the nose
D. (D) by TRPV1-L channels on the tongue
Which type of synaptic mechanisms between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells is involved in cerebellar learning?
A. (A) early state of long-term potentiation
B. (B) late state of long-term potentiation
C. (C) long-term depression
D. (D) all of above
Which is correct about the organization principle of spinocerebellar regulation of movement?
A. (A) cerebellum has internal models of the limbs that automatically take account of limb structure
B. (B) cerebellum provides feed-forward control of muscle contractions to regulate the timing of movements
C. (C) Purkinje neurons and deep cerebellar nucleus neurons discharge vigorously in relation to voluntary movements
D. (D) all of above
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