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Passage Three Within fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything that goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else. The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well. Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: first, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that grounders and rollers break up everything that can be broken. Finally the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage. The first full scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will-be forced to build their own recycling plants before long. Which of the following statements is TRUE
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In its plans to develop Greece as a year-round tourist destination, the Ministry of Tourism is focusing on alternative forms of tourism, beyond the sun, sea and sand classical summer holiday. Among other sectors, these include health and beauty tourism. Apart from stunning natural beauties, nature has endowed Greece with hot springs whose therapeutic properties were already known in ancient times. Hippocrates, the father of medicine, was the first to discover their virtues some 25 centuries ago. The geographical location of these springs is not accidental as it is related either to tectonic events or volcanic activities. Their waters are therapeutic for ailments such as rheumatism, arthritis and complaints related to lungs, kidneys, blood circulation and dermatology, among others. Of more than 750 natural springs, around 80 operate professionally as natural spas, many with accommodation and other facilities. In consultations with tourism associations, hoteliers and tourism investment consultants, the government is drafting a new law to define the rules for health tourism. Expected to be approved by Parliament early next year, the law will establish the legal framework and the prerequisites for health tourism centers, including provisions for handicapped guests. One condition will be that such centers will have to operate all year, not just in summer. Another is that hotels providing health facilities should be near a hospital or an airport. The Development Law, which came into force in December 2004, provides attractive incentives, such as subsidies or tax breaks for health tourism center investments. The government is encouraging regional development in areas in northwestern Greece. Doctors and investors from Sweden, Britain and Germany have already shown interest in establishing health tourism centers in Greece, to take advantage of the country’s mild climate, low humidity and year-round sunshine. In addition to hydrotherapy, some centers will deal with illnesses of the psyche — depression, psychological problems and addictions. The serenity of many parts of Greece’s countryside is seen as therapeutic for people from northern countries where cold, dreary climates can lead sufferers to depression and suicide. Spread throughout Greece, many natural mineral springs are owned by the National Tourism Organization of Greece and managed by the Tourism Development Co. The latter is gradually divesting itself of its. large and diverse portfolio through long-term leasing of its holdings, including mineral springs and spas.
某生产小五金日用品的家族企业拟申请质量管理体系认证，企业领导成员很重视，要求家族企业每位成员都要学习和理解质量管理体系标准，以便借此次申请认证机会进一步使企业管理规范化、制度化和系统化。家族企业成员对现行gb/t19000-2008族标准相关问题进行了认真学习和热烈讨论，现请针对以下各问题和难点做出正确判断： 作为该企业建立规范的质量管理体系和申请认证审核的依据是( )标准。
中国政府对新闻的态度是管理，而不是控制。中国政府要求媒体不要做违反宪法的事情。如，新闻不能进行以推翻中国政权为目的的煽动活动。不能渲染暴力和色情，因为这种报道不符合中国人民的根本利益和中国的文化传统。 中国政府鼓励媒体对公务员的行为进行监督和批评。媒体对政府的政策可以评论，也可以进行学术讨论。如媒体可以揭露违法官员的罪行，可以揭发地方政府不执行环保政策等等。 西方媒体对“中国新闻不自由”的攻击实质上是针对中国的政治制度的。但中国的现行制度是中国人民自己做出的选择。像中国这样一个文化悠久的国家的人民是不会接受一个“独裁”政府的。
Natural Selection First coined by Darwin, the term natural selection refers to the process at the core of evolutionary theory. Simply put, Darwin believed that every living organism had to struggle to survive and reproduce. By random chance, some individuals in a species would have characteristics that made them better adapted to this struggle than their contemporaries. Such individuals would be more likely to reproduce and pass their characteristics on to their offspring. Over many generations, a series of small differences in characteristics would accumulate, until eventually the creatures that were produced would be so different from their original ancestors that they would constitute a new species. ■(A) Although Darwin did not know how variations between individual members of the same species were able to arise in the first place or how such traits could then be passed on from species to species, we now know that this process occurs through genes. ■(B) Genes determine what characteristics an organism will possess, from its size to its skin color to its gender. ■(C) Sometimes these genes become damaged or altered--a process known as mutation. ■(D) Most mutations are either too small to have any effect, or have detrimental effects on the organism. A few, however, can be beneficial to helping an organism survive. The organisms with these beneficial mutations are the ones that .survive and reproduce, passing their particular genetic mutation on to future generations. Originally, Darwin thought that two particular types of traits were naturally selected for evolution. The first type included any and all traits that helped an organism survive, either by giving it easier access to food, better protection from predators, or superior adaptability to shifting environmental conditions. Several examples of the natural selection of such traits have been observed since Darwin first proposed his theory. The most often cited example is the coloration of moths near industrial centers. Some of them have white wings and the others have black wings. Under normal conditions, the lighter-colored moths predominate since white moths are less visible against the light-colored bark of the trees in the forests where they live, which means they can more easily avoid predators. Near industrial centers, however, darker-colored moths predominate, as the pollution from the factory has darkened the bark of the nearby trees. Moths landing on these trees are much more difficult to see if they have black wings. This trait has now become most common in moth populations living in areas where pollutants have changed the color of the tree bark. The second type of naturally selected traits envisioned by Darwin involved those characteristics of an organism that made it easier for that organism to find a mate. This form of natural selection, often called sexual selection, was thought to explain the existence of highly developed traits in certain animals that seemed to play no particular role in their survival, and that in some cases seemed to make it even harder for them to survive. A prime example of such a trait is the peacock’s elaborate, colorful tail feathers. A long, unwieldy tail that can expand into a display of bright colors that draws the attention of any predator in the vicinity seems less likely than that of other kinds of birds to help the bird survive. However, researchers discovered that peahens invariably chose to mate with those peacocks whose tail feathers produced the most artistic displays. Thus, although the peacock’s tail feathers have no adaptive function in terms of coping with survival pressure, the gene that controls feather color is the one that is most likely to be passed on because of its role in the mating process. Many scientists now believe that a third type of naturally selected characteristics exists, namely those that may be harmful to an individual organism but beneficial to that organism’s species. This helps to explain the persistence of certain traits that were viewed under traditional evolutionary theory as not assisting in adaptation. For instance, in many animal species, including humans, a small subset of the population is homosexual. Under the old view of evolution, this could not be accounted for since homosexual individuals do not normally reproduce, meaning the gene that codes for it should have long been phased out of the gene pool. However, recent studies among wild sheep populations have found that the prevalence of homosexuality in the sheep population increases in times of severe food shortages, causing the sheep to form stronger bonds with sheep of the same sex than they otherwise would. As a result, instead of fighting over a particular food source, these sheep share the food they find with each other, increasing the species’ chance of surviving hard times. Though still controversial, the idea that traits may be naturally selected because of their benefits to the species instead of their benefits to the individual is rapidly gaining acceptance in the scientific community because of the wide array of characteristics that it can explain, including the human tendency towards altruism, According to paragraph 1, what is the end result of natural selection
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