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[背景] 某水电站大坝为混凝土双曲拱坝，坝高240m，总库容58亿m3，装机容量6×55万kW年发电量约172亿kWh。固结灌浆施工于1994年12月开始施工，1999年3月全部完成。 (1)地质简况和岩体质量分级。根据岩石强度、岩体结构、围压效应、水文地质条件等多种因素将岩体类型分为：①优良岩体(A～C级)，可直接作为大坝地基；②一般岩体(D级)，经过灌浆处理后可作为大坝地基；③较差岩体(E3级)，自然状态下原则上不宜作为高坝地基；④软弱岩体(E1、E2级)，不能直接作为坝基，需特殊处理；⑤松散岩体(F级)，不能作为主体建筑物地基。 (2)坝基固结灌浆设计。①设计原则。根据岩体质量情况，灌浆设计分为常规灌浆和特殊灌浆两大类，前者适用于A、B、C级岩体，后者适用于D、E两类岩体。②灌浆材料。常规灌浆使用42.5级普通硅酸盐水泥。特殊灌浆原则上Ⅰ、Ⅱ序孔为普通硅酸盐水泥，Ⅲ序孔为磨细水泥。 (3)固结灌浆质量检查。灌浆质量检查显示固结灌浆效果良好。 [问题] 本工程坝基固结灌浆的目的是什么
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Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ANSWER BOOKLET best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1-5 It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient- 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that is less than sufficient to survive in our society. But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading, it has been suggested that almost 80 percent of America’s literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and how it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital. Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic, and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about by Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time; its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every fact of composition, publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as we’ve known it. About the future of the arts of reading the author feels ______.
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