题目内容
Design of all the new tools and implements is based on careful experiments with electronic instruments. First, a human "guinea pig" is tested using a (31) tool. Measurements are taken (32) the amount of work done, and the buildup of heat in the body. (33) joints and stretched muscles cannot (34) as well, it has been found, (35) joints and muscles in their (36) positions. The same person is then tested again, using a tool designed according to the suggestions made by Dr. Tichauer. All these tests have shown the great (37) of the new designs over the old.One of the electronic instruments used by Dr. Tichauer, the myograph (肌动描记器), (38) visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle. Another machine (39) any dangerous features of tools, thus proving information upon (40) to base a new design. One (41) of tests made with this machine is that a tripod stepladder is more (42) and safer to use than one with four legs.This work has (43) the attention of efficiency experts and time-and-motion-study engineer, but its value goes far (44) that. Dr. Tichauer’s first (45) is for the health of the tool user. With the (46) use of the same tool all day long on (47) lines and in other jobs, even light (48) work can put a heavy stress on one small area of the body. In time, such stress can cause a disabling disease. (49) , muscle fatigue is a serious safety (50) . （38）（）
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The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays—not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industry’s and our recognition that protecting mankind’s great treasure is the single most important responsibilityIf ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, ! submit, who must lead the charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.I believe we have a three-part mission fur the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages. The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is（）
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The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays—not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industry’s and our recognition that protecting mankind’s great treasure is the single most important responsibilityIf ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, ! submit, who must lead the charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.I believe we have a three-part mission fur the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages. The word "tunnel-visioned" (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means（）
All of a sudden, we heard people shouting from outside. Dad opened up the window. "Wow, look out there!" Intrigued, I opened another window and looked out. The street was packed with cars whose drivers didn’t know when or where to go. Policemen filled the streets trying to mollify the pandemonium. Right across the road, workers, who had been trapped on the eleventh floor while building, attempted to cling to railing and climb down to safety. Peoples’ interrogating and raucous shouts filled the hot August air.I realized my father was speaking, "We can’t stay up here. With no power, there will be no emergency services. If the building caught on fire, we’d be trapped. Let’s go and I’I1 try to call Morn." He grabbed some cash and the cell phone. I followed him in the fatiguing trip down the stairs to the lobby. Why couldn’t we have gotten a room on the first floorI took a small couch and sat down. The stifling hotel lobby was full of people. Some were hoping to get a room; others had returned to the hotel because their flights had been canceled. Many attempted to contact family or friends on cell phones. I relaxed on the couch, noticing the only light in the room was from the few sunrays that managed to enter through the windows. Restless, Dad left to wander around Times Square. He could never sit around without being occupied.After what seemed like hours, Dad finally returned. 1 let him sit on the couch while I tried to cool down on the marble floor. The sun had set, and the room was dark, illuminated only by two small candles that tossed shadows upon the wall.I lay down on the floor and tried to nap. The surface was very hard, but it was nice and cool. I drifted off to sleep only to awaken immediately. At first this had been an exciting adventure, but now I just wished the electricity would come back on so we would be able to go back to our room. I lay there with my eyes closed, unable to sleep, listening to people nearby as they talked. I must have finally fallen asleep though, for I woke up and asked Dad what time it was."Eight. The lights are on two blocks down from us. The power should come back on pretty soon." He paused, a look of reverie on his thee, "You know, last night I was able to see the stars over Times Square. I wonder how long it’s been since somebody was able to see that.\I heard a knock at the door. I peered through the peephole, and there was my father. As I opened the door, Dad began talking although he seemed strangely out of breath, "The power is out all along the northern east coast. People are saying that something went wrong at Niagara Falls. A power line must have failed."I was astounded. Power lineI was getting on the elevator, and the door wouldn’t close. I got irritated with it and finally climbed down to the lobby—all nine stories—to find out what the matter was. That was just like Dad to get angry at something that didn’t work. The word "pandemonium" in Paragraph 4 probably means（）
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