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下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。第一篇 Obesity (肥胖): the Scourge (祸害) of the Western World Obesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the llth European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference — of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries — 1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese. Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said," Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany, 20 per cent of the people are already affected, but in Japan only one per cent." But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication. Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said, "We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism of a stone — age man." "I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every comer. We have been overran by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization." Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said," Eighty per cent of all diabetics are obese, also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with adipose tissue complaints." "Ten per cent more weight means thirteen per cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing one’s weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure." Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. "Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier." Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. "Child obesity (fat deposits) correlates with the time which children spend in front of TV sets." The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group. scourge n. 天灾;祸害 obesity n. 肥胖症 overrun vt. 侵扰；蹂躏 obese adj. 肥胖症 diabetic n. 糖悄病患者；adj.糖尿病的 medication n. 药物疗法 adipose adj.脂肪的；肥胖的 metabolism n.新陈代谢 It seems that the ______ people are least affected by obesity among the developed countries and areas mentioned in the passage.
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Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
组织机构的合理设置对组织的发展有何作用
试述广告收入的地位。
第二篇 Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable: Can building be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts inflicted by terrorists Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquartered at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded by file National Science Foundation, visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit. They spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged, but still are standing. "Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damage" said M. Bruneau. Ph. D. "Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing. While our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks," he added. Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the rowers remains standihg, but was badly damaged. "This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building." explained A. Whittaker. Ph. D. "The column became a missile that shot across the road. through the window and through the floor." The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor flaming system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of fairing debris to remain intact. "Highly redundant ductile framing systems may provide a simple, but robust strategy for blast resistance," he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails. "We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse." said A. Whitaker. "We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it." A. Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that "earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components. Solutions developed for earthquake resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present." aftermath n. 后果，结果 in the vicinity 附近 debris n. 碎片 reconnaissance n. 勘察；侦察 ductile adj. 可伸展的，易变形的 The question raised in the first paragraph is one ______.
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