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Like most other US college students，Eric Rogers knows that submitting a term paper taken off the Internet is plagiarism and cause for suspension or a failing grade. What about using a paragraph "Just a paragraph" he said. "Taking a paragraph and changing words，I’ve done that before;it wasn’t a big deal，"he decided finally. "As long as I can manipulate it to be my words，change a few，it’s not cheating." Under the honour code he signed when he entered Duke University last year，it is. But for many college students，the once-clear lines that define cheating have faded. Some colleges and universities have resorted to sophisticated search engines to ferret out cheats. But an increasing number is turning to something decidedly more low-tech: their honour codes. Some campuses are adopting codes for the first time. Others，among them Duke，acknowledging that their codes have existed mostly in name only，are rewriting and more aggressively enforcing them. Cheating has become so common，experts say，that it often goes unreported and unpunished. Surveys show not only that there is more cheating these days but also that students and teachers alike have become more accepting of some practices once considered out of bounds. One such survey was performed for the Centre for Academic Integrity，an organization based at Duke that helps create honour codes. In that survey，27 per cent of students questioned during the 2001-2 academic year said that falsifying laboratory data happened "often or very often" on campus. The new honour codes aim to punish more while also forcing students and faculty members to think about the kinds of offenses that constitute cheating. At large universities and small liberal arts colleges alike，educators talk about restoring a "culture of honour." "It’s a psychological effect: if people expect you to be honourable，you are more likely to respond with honourable behavior，"said Nannerl O.Keohane，the president of Duke. At Duke，a new "community standard" for academic integrity will take effect next fall. Under it，the faculty will no longer have to proctor exams，but students will face punishment if they see cheating and do not report it. Faculty members will have greater power to discipline first-time cheats，authority that the university hopes will encourage them to confront offenders. Questions: How to find student cheats
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Like most other US college students，Eric Rogers knows that submitting a term paper taken off the Internet is plagiarism and cause for suspension or a failing grade. What about using a paragraph "Just a paragraph" he said. "Taking a paragraph and changing words，I’ve done that before;it wasn’t a big deal，"he decided finally. "As long as I can manipulate it to be my words，change a few，it’s not cheating." Under the honour code he signed when he entered Duke University last year，it is. But for many college students，the once-clear lines that define cheating have faded. Some colleges and universities have resorted to sophisticated search engines to ferret out cheats. But an increasing number is turning to something decidedly more low-tech: their honour codes. Some campuses are adopting codes for the first time. Others，among them Duke，acknowledging that their codes have existed mostly in name only，are rewriting and more aggressively enforcing them. Cheating has become so common，experts say，that it often goes unreported and unpunished. Surveys show not only that there is more cheating these days but also that students and teachers alike have become more accepting of some practices once considered out of bounds. One such survey was performed for the Centre for Academic Integrity，an organization based at Duke that helps create honour codes. In that survey，27 per cent of students questioned during the 2001-2 academic year said that falsifying laboratory data happened "often or very often" on campus. The new honour codes aim to punish more while also forcing students and faculty members to think about the kinds of offenses that constitute cheating. At large universities and small liberal arts colleges alike，educators talk about restoring a "culture of honour." "It’s a psychological effect: if people expect you to be honourable，you are more likely to respond with honourable behavior，"said Nannerl O.Keohane，the president of Duke. At Duke，a new "community standard" for academic integrity will take effect next fall. Under it，the faculty will no longer have to proctor exams，but students will face punishment if they see cheating and do not report it. Faculty members will have greater power to discipline first-time cheats，authority that the university hopes will encourage them to confront offenders. Questions: It can be inferred from the passage that one of the students’ honour codes might be "__________".
A history curriculum is often a ______ sign of how a nation and its elites see themselves: as victims of colonialism or practitioners of imperial power.
Like most other US college students，Eric Rogers knows that submitting a term paper taken off the Internet is plagiarism and cause for suspension or a failing grade. What about using a paragraph "Just a paragraph" he said. "Taking a paragraph and changing words，I’ve done that before;it wasn’t a big deal，"he decided finally. "As long as I can manipulate it to be my words，change a few，it’s not cheating." Under the honour code he signed when he entered Duke University last year，it is. But for many college students，the once-clear lines that define cheating have faded. Some colleges and universities have resorted to sophisticated search engines to ferret out cheats. But an increasing number is turning to something decidedly more low-tech: their honour codes. Some campuses are adopting codes for the first time. Others，among them Duke，acknowledging that their codes have existed mostly in name only，are rewriting and more aggressively enforcing them. Cheating has become so common，experts say，that it often goes unreported and unpunished. Surveys show not only that there is more cheating these days but also that students and teachers alike have become more accepting of some practices once considered out of bounds. One such survey was performed for the Centre for Academic Integrity，an organization based at Duke that helps create honour codes. In that survey，27 per cent of students questioned during the 2001-2 academic year said that falsifying laboratory data happened "often or very often" on campus. The new honour codes aim to punish more while also forcing students and faculty members to think about the kinds of offenses that constitute cheating. At large universities and small liberal arts colleges alike，educators talk about restoring a "culture of honour." "It’s a psychological effect: if people expect you to be honourable，you are more likely to respond with honourable behavior，"said Nannerl O.Keohane，the president of Duke. At Duke，a new "community standard" for academic integrity will take effect next fall. Under it，the faculty will no longer have to proctor exams，but students will face punishment if they see cheating and do not report it. Faculty members will have greater power to discipline first-time cheats，authority that the university hopes will encourage them to confront offenders. Questions: What is the main idea of the passage
Even if the US"s massive financial rescue operation succeeds, it should be followed by something even more far-reaching—the establishment of a Global Monetary Authority to oversee markets that have become borderless. Washington recognizes that the crisis has become global. Hank Paulson, Treasury secretary, has said that foreign banks operating in the US will be eligible for federal assistance and he is urging other nations to fashion their own bail-out programs. Central banks have also been synchronizing injections of funds into markets. These should be steps to a more comprehensive international response designed not just to extinguish the current fires, but to rebuild and maintain the capital markets for the longer term. The current global institutional apparatus is woefully incapable of overseeing the financial system that is evolving. The International Monetary Fund is irrelevant to this crisis, the Group of Seven leading industrial countries lacks legitimacy in a world where China, Brazil and others are big players, and the Bank for International Settlement has no operational role. The US Federal Reserve is too besieged to act as a global central bank. That vacuum at the centre is dangerous for everyone. The US"s dependence on massive inflows of foreign capital, roughly $3bn(2bn, ￡1.6bn)a day, will surely increase now as Uncle Sam acquires $1 , 000bn in new obligations from current bail-outs. For years to come, Wall Street and Washington will be unable to manage without strong co-operation from other markets. Beyond that, the international dimensions of finance are mind-boggling. Global assets have increased from $12, 000bn in 1980 to nearly $200, 000bn in 2007, far outstripping the growth of gross domestic product or the expansion of trade. An increasing amount of this capital now resides in Asia and the Gulf, not the US or Europe. A US company such as AIG sold more of its credit default swaps and insurance policies outside the US than within it. UBS employs 30, 000 Americans, is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and owns Paine Webber. The capital markets will evolve in the context in which emerging market economies will be growing twice as fast as the rich nations and will, by mid-century, probably account for almost two-thirds of global GDP. Globalization will now also create a clash of philosophies. Most governments and investors outside the US never shared the American system of cowboy capitalism. Now they have good reason to demand that some fundamental changes be made in the way the US manages its financial institutions. This can happen with a conscious, negotiated modification in the US financial model, or it could result from foreign investors shifting their funds elsewhere. All of these considerations point to the eventual need for a new Global Monetary Authority. It would set the tone for capital markets in a way that would not be viscerally opposed to a strong public oversight function with rules for intervention, and would return to capital formation the goal of economic growth and development rather than trading for its own sake. In terms of US and international politics, a Global Monetary Authority is probably an idea whose time has not yet come. That may change as today"s crisis evolves. The world capital markets have been changing in terms of______.
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