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AIDS AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. The human immunodeficiency virus (人类免疫缺损病毒)called HIV is believed to cause AIDS. There is no cure. People who get the disease will die. AIDS itself does not kill. However, it attacks and destroys the body’’s defense system that fights against infection. When this happens, a person has little ability to fight off many other diseases including pneumonia(肺炎), cancer and tuberculosis (结核病). A new study says the number of women in the United States with AIDS has increased sharply. The study says AIDS is increasing faster among women than among men. Eighteen percent of AIDS patients are women. This is almost 3 times the rate 10 years ago. Most women get the AIDS virus from having sexual relations with men. Pregnant women with the disease can pass it to their babies. The effect of AIDS in America is greatest in large cities. AIDS is the leading cause of death among all people in 79 cities. It is the leading cause of death among women in 15 cities. These include New York City and Miami, Florida. Doctors in the United States first noted AIDS 14 years ago in homosexual (同性恋的)men in New York and California. In the United States AIDS spread first among homosexual men. Then it appeared in people who shared needles to put illegal drugs into their blood. It also appeared in people who had received infected blood products at hospitals. The AIDS virus is spread through the exchange of infected blood or body fluids released during sexual activity. It is also spread by having sexual relations with someone who has the virus. And it is spread by sharing drug needles that have infected blood on them. AIDS has affected several famous American athletes. Two years ago, former tennis player Arthur Ashe died of the disease. At about the same time, former basketball player Magic Johnson announced that he has the AIDS virus. The most recent athlete to be affected is Gregory Louganis. Louganis won a number of gold medals in Olympic diving competition. He announced on television that he has AIDS. President Clinton met with Louganis and praised him for discussing his sickness. Mr. Clinton said it is important to educate the public. Activists have succeeded in educating Americans about AIDS and the people who have it. They also have been urging the federal government to increase efforts to find a cure for AIDS. Scientists first identified the virus that is believed to cause AIDS in 1983. Many of them then thought they could produce an anti-AIDS vaccine(痘苗). Such a medicine could be given to people to protect against the disease. However, scientists at American government agencies, universities and drug companies have failed to produce an anti-AIDS vaccine. But they are continuing effort to find better treatments for a cure. Have scientists produced an ant-AIDS vaccine
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Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened (67) . As was discussed before, it was not (68) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic (69) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the (70) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution (71) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading (72) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures (73) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in (74) . It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, (75) , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, (76) by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, (77) its impact on the media was not immediately (78) . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as (79) , with display becoming sharper and storage (80) increasing. They were thought of, like people, in (81) of generations, with the distance between generations much (82) . It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the (83) within which we now live. The communications revolution has (84) both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been (85) views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed (86) "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened (67) . As was discussed before, it was not (68) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic (69) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the (70) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution (71) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading (72) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures (73) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in (74) . It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, (75) , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, (76) by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, (77) its impact on the media was not immediately (78) . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as (79) , with display becoming sharper and storage (80) increasing. They were thought of, like people, in (81) of generations, with the distance between generations much (82) . It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the (83) within which we now live. The communications revolution has (84) both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been (85) views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed (86) "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
Scientists have come up with a theory for why time flies when you are having fun and drags when you are bored. Scans have shown that (62) of activity in the brain change depending on how we focus on a task. Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will (63) brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more (64) . The research, by the French Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cognition, is published in the magazine Science. In the study, 12 volunteers watched an image while researchers (65) their brain activity using MRI(核磁共振成像) scans. Volunteers were given a (66) of tasks. In one they were told to concentrate simply on the duration of an image, in (67) they were asked to focus on the (68) , and in a third they were asked to concentrate on both duration and color. The results showed that a network of brain regions was (69) when more subjects were paid attention to duration. It is thought that if the brain is busy focusing on many aspects of a task, then it has to spread its resources thinly, and pays less (70) to time passing. Therefore, time passes without us really (71) it, and seems to go quickly. (72) , if the brain is not stimulated in this way, it concentrates its (73) energies on monitoring the passing of time. This may make time seem to (74) , but in fact it is probably a more accurate perception of reality. (75) the researchers found that the more volunteers concentrated on the duration of the images, the more (76) were their estimates of its duration.Lead researcher Dr. Jennifer Coull said many of the areas of the brain (77) in estimating time were the same that played a key role in controlling movement, and (78) for action. She said this overlap suggests that the brain may make sense of time as (79) between movements, in much the same way (80) musicians mark time with his foot, or (81) anticipate the sound of a starter’s pistol.
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