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草坪植物根系的80%分布在厚度20厘米以上土层中，50%以上在地表面以下10厘米范围内。
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Don’t change something which is already a proven success.
简答题Signs of American culture, ranging from fast food to Hollywood movies, can be seen around the world. But now anthropologists have discovered a far more troubling cultural export from the United States—stigma against fat people.Negative perceptions about people who are overweight are becoming the cultural norm in many countries, according to a new report in the journal Current Anthropology. (47) Although some of the shift in thinking likely is explained by idealized slim body images promoted in American advertising and Hollywood movies, the emergence of fat stigma around the world may also result from public health efforts to promote obesity as a disease and a worrisome threat to a nation’s health.Researchers from Arizona State University Dr. Brewis and her colleagues recently completed a multicountry study intended to give a snapshot of the international zeitgeist about weight and body image. (48) The researchers elicited answers of true or false to statements with varying degrees of fat stigmatization. The fat stigma test included statements like, "People are overweight because they are lazy" and" Fat people are fated to be fat". Using mostly in person interviews, supplemented with questions posed over the Internet, they tested attitudes among 700 people in 10 countries, territories and cities.The findings were troubling. Dr. Brewis said she fully expected high levels of fat stigma to show up in the "Anglosphere" countries, including the United States, England and New Zealand, as well as in body conscious Argentina. (49) But what she did not expect was how strongly people in the rest of the testing sites that have historically held more positive views of larger bodies, including Puerto Rico and American Samoa expressed negative attitudes about weight. The results, Dr. Brewis said, suggest a surprisingly rapid "globalization of fat stigma. "To be sure , jokes and negative perceptions about weight have been around for ages. But what appears to have changed most is the level of criticism and blame leveled at people who are overweight. (50) One reason may be that public health campaigns branding obesity as a disease are sometimes perceived as being critical of individuals rather than the environmental and social factors that lead to weight gain. "Of all the things we could be exporting to help people around the world, really negative body image and low self-esteem are not what we hope is going out with public health messaging. "Dr. Brewis said.Dr. Brewis notes that far more study is needed to determine the extent of fat stigma and whether people were experiencing more social or workplace discrimination as a result of the growing fat stigma. "I think the next big question is whether it’s going to create a lot of new suffering where suffering didn’t exist before, " Dr. Brewis said. "I think it’s important that we think about designing health messages around obesity that don’t exacerbate the problem. \ 49（）
PART ONE·You are the Purchasing Manager for a large company. Last month you decided to look for a new supplier for the stationery and office equipment that your company uses. You have found a new supplier, Compass Office Goods Ltd.·Write a memo to your company’s department heads:·explaining why you looked for a new supplier.·saying who the new supplier is.·asking for feedback about the goods that they supply.·Write 40—50 words.
案例分析题Humans have never lacked for ways to get wasted. The natural world is full of soothing but addictive leaves and fruits and fungi, and for centuries, science has added them to the pharmacopoeia to relieve the pain of patients. In the past two decades, that’s been especially true. As the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations developed new policies to treat pain more actively, approaching it not just as an unfortunate side effect of illness but as a fifth vital sign, along with temperature, heart rate, respirtory rate and blood pressure, a bounty of new opoids(鸦片类物)has rolled off Big Pharma’s production line.There was fentanyl, synthetic opioid around since the 1960s that went into wide use as a treatment for cancer pain in the 1990s. That was followed by Oxycodone, a short-acting drug for more routine pain, and after thatcame Oxycontin, a 12-hour formulation of the same powerful pill. Finally came hydrocodone. The government considers hydrocodone a Schedule Ⅲ drug—one with a " moderate or low" risk of dependency, as opposed to Schedule Ⅱ’s, which carry a "severe" risk. Physicians must submit a written prescription for Schedule Ⅱ drugs ; for Schedule Ⅲ’s, they just phone the pharmacy. ( Schedule I substances are drugs like heroin that are never prescribed. ) For patients, that wealth of choices spelled danger.The result has hardly been surprising. Since 1990, there has been a tenfold increase in prescriptions for opioids in the U. S. , according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP). In 1990 there were barely 6, 000 deaths from accidental drug poisoning in the U. S. By 2007 that number had nearly quintupled, to 27, 658.Health officials do not tease out which drug is responsible for every death, and it’s not always possible. "There may be lots of drugs on board, " says Cathy Barber, director of the Injury Control Research Center at the Harvard School of Public Health. "Is it the opioid that caused the death Or is it the combination of opioid, benzodiazepine and a cocktail the person had" Still, most experts agree that nothing but the exploding availability of opioids could be behind the exploding rate of death.Despite such heavy death toil, the suivellance over these popular pills faces regulatory maze. In early 2009, the FDA announced that it was initiating a " risk-evaluation and mitigation strategy". The regulations the FDA is empowered to issue include requiring manufacturers to provide better information to patients and doctors, requiring doctors to meet certain educational criteria before writing opioid prescriptions and limiting the number of docs and pharmacies allowed to prescribe or dispense the drugs. "And with all that, "warns Dr. John Jenkins, director of the FDA’s Office of New Drugs, " we do still have to make sure patients have access to drugs they need. "Any regulations the FDA does impose won’t be announced until 2011 at the earliest and could take a year or more to roll out. That leaves millions of people continuing to fill prescriptions, tens of thousands per year dying and patients in genuine pain wondering when a needed medication will relieve their suffering—and when it could lead to something worse. Opoids are drugs （）
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