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预估是从()演变而来的。
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Relax before you try to fall asleep. Whether you use Transcendental Meditation, deep breathing, or some other systems, it is important to slow down before bedtime.
Try stimulus control. Psychologist Richard Bootzin has developed this program of "stimulus control to disassociate cues for sleep from those for other activities."
—Do not use your bed for any activity other than sleep, such as reading, writing letters, watching TV.
—If you are in bed for more than ten minutes without falling asleep, go to another room. Return to bed when you're ready to try again.
—Set your alarm clock for the same time every morning. Arise when it rings, no matter how much or how little. sleep you've had.
—Do not nap during the day. (Some researchers approve of naps, but Bootzin says they're not for insomniacs.)
Try exercise as a soporific. Do your exercise at least two hours before retiring, preferably earlier. Exercise may be stimulating if done too late.
Avoid caffeine. Caffeine is a common disrupter of sleep, even when not the primary cause of insomnia. Soft drinks and chocolate contain caffeine, so large quantities should be avoided at bedtime. The stimulating action of caffeine usually reaches a peak two to four hours after it is ingested. But caffeine taken up to seven hours before bed can disrupt sleep.
Be careful about alcohol. A drink before bed may actually help you sleep better in the early hours of the night, but may cause restlessness later.
Arrange the proper environment. The rapidity with which some people fall asleep depends on environmental factors, like a comfortable bed, right noise and light levels, correct temperature. If any item is in disarray, the onset of sleep can be delayed for hours. When your environment totally changes, as in a hotel room, it's common to react with disturbed sleep. Usually by the second night, almost always by the third, the body adapts.
Try some of the sleep gadgets. You can purchase pollen—free pillows for allergy sufferers, bed vibrators, a "white noise" machine guaranteed to drown out other sounds, long-playing sleep records, a bed that rocks, a sound proof bed surrounded by four plastic walls, a bed that will catapult you to the floor at wake-up time.
Eat your way to sleep. Some foods contain an amino acid called L-tryptophan which doctors believe can help in duce sleep.
If all this fails, why not count sheep？ According to Harvard psychologists Richard Davidson and Gary Schwarts, the images of sheep prevent your mind form. focusing on anxiety-provoking events that might otherwise keep you awake.
Before going to bed, you'd better ______.
比重复更进一步,这种回应需要社工在高度理解的基础上运用技巧去诠释案主的话,为的是证实你是否听懂了案主所说的话,是否理解了案主的感受。
如果社工能够了解案主的心理,就会坦然地去接近案主,很好地运用()来帮助案主消除其焦虑。
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
In 1957 a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like cases. Influenza is sometimes called "flu" or a "bad cold". He took samples from the throats of patients, and his hospital was able to find the virus of this influenza.
There are three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are Type A and B, each of them having several subgroups. With the instrument of the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus in Group A, but he did not know the subgroup. Then he reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. W. H. O. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong, where about 15%～20% of the population had become ill.
As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, doctors began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself at very high speed, the virus had grown more than a milion times within two days. Continuing their careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs against all the known subgroups of Type A virus. None of them gave any protection. This, then, was something new, a new influenza virus, against which the people of the world had no help whatever.
Having found the virus they were working with, the two doctors now dropped it into the noses of some specially selected animals, which got influenza as much as human being did. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appealed. These experiments proved that the new virus was easy to catch, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like the general public, called it simply Asian Flu.
The first discovery of the virus, however, was made in China before the disease had appeared in other countries. Various reports showed that the influenza outbreak started in China, probably in February of 1957. By the middle of March it had spread all over China. The virus was found by Chinese doctors early in March. But China was not a member of the World Health Organization and therefore did not report outbreaks of the disease to it. Not until two months later, when travellers carried the virus into Hong Kong, from where it spread to Singapore, did the news of the outbreak reach the rest of the world. By this time, it was well started on its way around the world.
Thereafter, W. H. O.'s weekly reports described the steady spread of this great virus outbreak, which within four months swept through every continent.
The doctor in Singapore performed a valuable service by ______.
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