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根据流动资产在再生产过程中所处的领域与特点，不需要核定定额的流动资产项目有______
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流动资金是指企业生产经营活动中占用在流动资产上的资金，又称为______
has been broadly characterized by its openness to trade and foreign investment 1 has a strong link with the U. S. economy 2 was severely impaired in its economy by the crisis in and beyond Southeast Asia 3 called for reform in economic and financial structures, which was particularly true during the crisis in South-east Asia 4 has strengthened links with the Southern part of China 5 wants to lower inter-provincial trade barriers to strengthen internal deregulation 6 is the one where the lack of stability in economy, society and politics blocked its economic development 7 was a special Administrative Region within one country with a high degree of autonomy 8 takes advantage of market both at home and abroad 9 is a very liberal WTO member or actively involved in the work in WTO 10 Indonesia The period under review (1994～1998) has been one of great contrast for Indonesian. After three decades of continuous growth fostered by political, social and macro-economic stability, the Asian economic crisis of 1997 has sown the seeds of major change in Indonesia’s economy and political system. The crisis and the subsequent fall in GDP, the largest among ASEAN countries, revealed underlying weaknesses in Indonesia’s economic and financial structures, which prompted calls for reform. Trade and foreign direct investment have been at the heart of Indonesia’s economic policy. In the face of the recent economic crisis, the Government undertook to accelerate the pace of reforms and to remove many remaining restrictions on domestic and international trade. From 1994 to 1996, real GDP grew on average by 8% annually. Although economic activity started to decelerate in the second half of 1996, the financial crisis of 1997 trans- formed a soft landing of the Indonesian economic into a serious recession. Indonesia’s international trade has also been severely affected by the recession in the country and elsewhere in Asia. Imports, which increased by nearly 27% in 1995, declined by 3% in U. S. dollar value in 1997 before failing by 30% in the first quarter of 1998. Exports a major element that could have stimulated activity in current circumstances, have fallen (in value terms) as a result of the slump in demand elsewhere in Asia. The causes of the financial and currency turmoil are multiple and complex. External factors, such as the withdrawal of international investors from Asia in the wake of the Thai, Philippines and Korean Crisis, were compounded by internal developments, particularly growing uncertainty about economic, social and political stability in Indonesia. Hong Kong The period under review (1994～1995) was marked by two main events. The first was Hong Kong’s reversion to the People’s Republic of China, on 1 July 1997, and its designation as a Special Administrative Region (SAR) with a high degree of autonomy with regard to economic (and most other) policies under the "one country, two systems" framework established in accordance with the Basic Law. Hong Kong is one of, if not the most liberal among WTO members. There is no indication that Hong Kong’s traditional openness to trade and foreign investment has been affected by reunification, and as such, the present economic regime may be broadly characterized as "business as usual". The second main event during the review period was the outbreak of the economic crisis in Thailand in July 1997 and its spread to other countries in and beyond South East Asia. The crisis, and the associated drop in demand throughout the region, has seriously impaired Hong Kong’s economic performance since the third quarter of 1997, causing a dramatic slowdown in economic activity. Nor, it would appear, has the Government attempted to influence the long-run structural evolution of Hong Kong’s economy during the period under review. One of the main features of this evolution has been the increasingly closer links with the fast-developing adjacent region of South China. In response to domestic calls for the Government to take action in order to alleviate, if not reverse, the recent slow-down in economic growth and the consequent rise in unemployment, in June 1998 the Government introduced a package of relief measures. Apart from the implementation of a few "emergency" measures, the authorities have largely refrained from interfering with the normal functioning of the free-market system. Canada Canada has continued to pursue an outward-oriented strategy that, combined with prudent micro-economic policies, has been integral to a recent strong growth performance. Over the last two years, Canada has participated in regional and multilateral initiatives that have further liberalized its generally open economy. It has also demonstrated its commitment to a strong multilateral trading system through an active and constructive participation in all aspects of work in the WTO. Domestic initiatives to lower interprovincial trade barriers, and move forward internal deregulation, enhance transparency, and rationalize the import regime have helped Canadian producers to adapt to the challenges, and to take advantage of the opportunities resulting from greater market access both at home and abroad. Economic activity has reflected strong private consumption and investment. Developments in the past two years have confirmed trade as a major determinant of Canada’s economic performance. Exports continued to benefit from the United States’ cyclical lead, supported by efficiency gains in the Canadian economy. The U. S. share in Canadian trade has risen further, to some 83% of merchandise exports and 67% of imports. Canada’s aggregate output thus remains exposed to slower growth in the United States. The financial crisis in Asia has had so far a limited impact on Canada’s overall economic growth, as only 8% of Canadian exports are destined for that region. Nevertheless, the crisis has been felt distinctively in western Canada and, if protracted, could have significant indirect effects on the economy as a whole.
At the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, psychology professor Bella DePaulo got 77 students and 70 townspeople to volunteer for an unusual project. All kept diaries for a week, recording the numbers and details of the lies they told. One student and six Charlottesville residents professed to have told no falsehoods. The other 140 participants told 1535. 1 Most strikingly, these tellers-of-a-thousand-lies reported that their deceptions caused them "little preoccupation or regret." Might that too be a lie Perhaps. But there is evidence that this attitude toward casual use of prevarication is common. Last year, for example, 20,000 middle- and high-schoolers were surveyed by the Josephson Institute of Ethics — a nonprofit organization in Marina del Rey, Calif. devoted to character education. Ninety-two percent of the teenagers admitted having lied to their parents in the previous years, and 73 percent characterized themselves as "serial liars," meaning they told lies weekly. Despite these admissions, 91 percent of all respondents said they were "satisfied with my own ethics and character." Think how often we hear the expressions "I’ll call you" or "The check is in the mail." And then there are professions — lawyers, experts, PR consultants — whose members seem to specialize in shaping or spinning the truth to suit clients’ needs. 2 "What’s wrong with that.’" Tom asked Professor Josephson, president of the Josephson Institute. It’s a question we might all ask. Josephson replied by asking Tom to consider the lie from his mother-in-law’s point of view. Suppose that one day Tom’ s child blurts out the truth, and she discovers the deceit. Will she tell her son-in-law, "Thank you for caring so much" Or is she more likely to feel hurt and say, "How could you have misled me all these years And what else have you lied to me about" 3 How often do we compliment people on how well they look, or express our appreciation for gifts, when we don’t really mean it Surely, these "nice lies" are harmless and well intended, a necessary social lubricant. But like Tom, we should remember the words of English novelist Sir Walt Scott, who wrote, "What a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive." Even seemingly harmless falsehoods can have unforeseen consequences. Philosopher Sissela Bok warns us that they can put us on a slippery slope. "After the first lies, others can come more easily." 4 Who believes it anymore when they’re told that the person they want to reach by phone is "in a meeting" By itself, that kind of lie is of no great consequence. Still, the endless proliferation of these little prevarication does not matter. Once they become common enough, even the small untruths that are not meant to hurt encourage a certain cynicism and loss of trust. Are all white lies to be avoided at all costs Not necessarily. The most understandable and forgivable lies are an exchange of what ethicists refer to as the principle of trust for the principle of caring, "like telling children about the tooth fairy, or deceiving someone to set them up for a surprise party," Josephson says. "Still, we must ask ourselves if we are willing to give our friends and associates the authority to lie to us whenever they think it is for our own good." 5 And if you’ re not sure, Mark Twain has given us a good rule of thumb. "When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends." A. When Tom tells a lie, his face may not show it, but certain other changes in his body take place that would give him away. His pulse would beat faster, his breath would come in gasps, and his blood pressure would change. B. The lies were most often not what most of us would call earth-shattering. Someone would pretend to be more positive or supportive of a spouse or friend than he or she really was, or feign agreement with a relative’s opinion. C. Little white lies have become ubiquitous, and the reasons we give each other for telling fibs are familiar. For example, every year my friend, whom I’ll call Tom, goes with his wife and son to his mother-in-law’ s home for Thanksgiving for dinner. Tom doesn’t quite like the pumpkin pie intensely, but he invariably tells her how wonderful the pie is to avoid hurting her feelings. D. Josephson suggests a simple test. If someone you lie to finds out the truth, will he thank you for caring Or will he feel his long-term trust in you has been undermined E. And what might Tom’s mother-in-law suspect about her own daughter And will Tom’s boy lie to his parents and yet be satisfied with his own character F. Take the pumpkin-pie lies. In the first place, it wasn’t just that he wanted his mother-in-law to feel good. Whether he realized it or not, he really wanted her to think highly of him. And after the initial deceit he needed to tell more lies to cover up the first one.
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