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Questions 11～14 are based on the following monologue. What does the monologue mainly discuss
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Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. "I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to," says Dr David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest. The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9. 5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it," says Dr David. "They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 hours or even more to feel ideally vigorous." Perhaps the most merciless rubber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. When ever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme. "In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition." To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. "We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers," says Dr David. "Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.\ According to Dr David, Americans ______.
Tomson: This process of training .in universities, by which the intellect, instead of being formed or sacrificed to some particular of accidental purpose, some specific trade of profession, or study or science, is disciplined for its own sake, for the perception of its own proper object, and for its own highest culture, is called Liberal Education; and though there is no one in whom it is carried as far as is conceivable, or whose intellect would be a pattern of what intellects should be made, yet there is scarcely anyone but may gain an idea of what real training is, and at least look towards it, and make its true scope and result, not something else, his standard of excellence; and numbers there are who may submit themselves to it, and secure it to themselves in good measure. Bradly: It is only understandable that parents long to see their sons and daughters with promising futures, as most students today are from single-child families. However, this eagerness can backfire if parents fail to educate their children with scientific approaches and concepts. Cases of failure in this regard survey indicates that due to lack of guidance from sound educational theory, many parents in this country are at a loss over what to do with. their children’s education. Many put high test scores first in family education, and know little about the need to build all-round character in their children. Fredrick: When our children’s school life is weighed down with bulging schoolbags and psychological pressure, how can they lake initiative They can be emancipated only when schools and society alike begin doing something about these pressures on them. Parents should change their ways of thinking. Educating children is a science as well as an art, and is doomed if the natural laws governing children’s healthy physical and mental development are violated. That is why parents should know something about education and psychology, as well as the features, standards and trends of modern education. In this regard they need the help of educators. Arusa: Public opinion plays a major role in the process of advancing character education. It provides an appropriate guide for students, parents and the public to reach a consensus on the concepts of education, and helps foster a good environment for securing public concern and support for and involvement in character education. And we hope our writers, artists and education researchers will do their part for carrying forward character education from their respective fields of work, all for the same purpose: to bring forth worthy successors to our cause. To this end the entire society is duty-bound. Jonnason: The efforts to carry out character education call for comprehensive changes in orientation, functions, institution; content and approaches. They call for sweeping changes in our understanding of values, talent and quality of education. It is a restructuring project that is of vital importance and has a far-reaching influence on the overall situation, involving people from all walks of life. Now match each of the persons (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements.Statements[A] Social reforms and fundamental changes are called for when character education is to be carried out.[B] Some parents are not able to educate their children with proper methods because their own opinions on education are questionable.[C] The business of a university is to help all students towards the right standard according to their various capacities.[D] Rational reports on newspapers or TV programs can help promote the quality of education.[E] Parents need the help from educators.[F]Parents are blamed if their children do not perform well at school.[G] It’s doubtful whether there is a link between liberal education and science education. Tomson
Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. "I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to," says Dr David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest. The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9. 5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it," says Dr David. "They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 hours or even more to feel ideally vigorous." Perhaps the most merciless rubber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. When ever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme. "In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition." To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. "We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers," says Dr David. "Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.\ The underlined word "subjects"(Line 1, Para. 4) refers to ______.
Questions 19～22 are based on the following dialogue between two college students. What is the woman’s response to the man’s request
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