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Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. The president of the United States has one of the toughest jobs in the world. Hardly anyone else is watched so closely by so many people. Reporters follow the president patiently, eager for his opinion on everything from nuclear warheads to the outcome of a football match. The president must be careful at all times that his answers to reporters’ questions reflect his policies. In addition, wherever the president may go, he never for a moment escapes the responsibilities of his office. The evening news may show him on a working vacation, but the work is always with him. The job seems to demand a person of outstanding ability, so you might think the US Constitution (宪法) would contain a long list of job qualifications. However, it lists only three. Article Ⅱ , Section 1 of the Constitution states that the President must: 1. be a natural-born citizen of the United States ; 2. be at least 35 years old; 3. have been the resident of the United States for 14 years. While Constitution lists only three qualifications for the President, the voters certainly consider many others. Among these are intelligence, good health, experience in government, ability to lead others, knowledge of national and world affairs, personality, ability to speak well, and persuasiveness. The President is the Chief Executive of the United States and heads the executive branch of the Government. However, the President must share power with members of the other two branches of Government: the legislative. (立法的) branch, or the Congress; and the judicial (司法的) branch, or the federal courts. The Constitution states the powers and duties of the Presidency; it also tells how each branch of the Government is to check the powers of the other two in order to balance the powers and prevent any single branch from abusing its power. This system of checks and balances was designed by the writers of the Constitution because they did not want any one person or branch of the Government to gain too much power. According to the passage, the US President must ______.
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Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. What made Joan Ryan decide to be a sports writer "Ten years ago, I was editing news stories at the Orlando Sentinel in Florida--my first job out of college. I didn’t know any female sports writers. But I wanted to he one. First of all, the best writing in the paper was sports. " "Furthermore, I had the background. I grew up in an athletic family: Three boys and three girls and a coach for a dad. " Soon after describing her ambition to a co-worker, the editor of her paper reassigned Joan to the sports department. Today, Joan is the sports columnist for the San Francisco Examiner in California. When she landed her job eight years ago, she was the only woman sports writer on any major American newspaper. (She is now one in about six. ) Was it tough to pioneer as a female sports writer You bet! Take for example, the first time Joan tried to get an interview in the men’s locker room. "It was the U. S. Football League. I wanted to interview one of the players, Joe Cribbs, because he had just broken a finger. As soon as I stepped into the locker room--where all sports writers interview athletes--the room went crazy. Guys started yelling at me. It was really terrible. Suddenly I felt something move up my leg. It was the handle of the razor (剃刀) that someone used to cut the tape. I yelled and walked out. " Joan ended up interviewing Cribbs--outside the locker room. "In retrospect (回顾), I feel this was a defining moment for me as a journalist. I went back and wrote my story and made my headline. Now I know for sure that nothing can interfere with getting the story. " If you want to be a sports writer, Joan suggests that you read "the best fiction writers" and learn how to write well. Her other suggestions: "Don’t let anyone keep you from doing what you want to do. Just pretend you have courage. \ The passage is mainly about ______.
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There are more than forty universities in Britain--nearly twice as many as in 1960. During the 1960s eight (67) new ones were founded, and ten other new ones were created by (68) old colleges of technology into universities. In the same period the number of students (69) doubled, from 70000 to over 200000. By 1973 about 10% of men aged from eighteen to twenty-one were n universities and about 5% of women. All the universities are (70) institutions. Each has its own governing councils, (71) some local businessmen and local politicians as (72) as a few academics (大学教师). The state began to (73) grants to them fifty years ago, and by 1970 eachuniversity (74) nearly all its (75) from state grants. Students have to pay (76) and living costs, but every student may receive from the local authority of the place where he lives a personal (77) which is enough to pay his full costs, including lodging and food (78) his parents can well (79) them. Most students take jobs in the summer for about six weeks, (80) they do not normally do outside work (81) the academic year. The Department of Education takes (82) for the payment which covers the whole expenditure of the university, but it does not (83) direct control. It canhave an important (84) on new developments through its power to (85) funds, but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee, a body which is mainly (86) of academics.
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