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Persuading people to attend the seminars

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Quality Control: the importance to a company of monitoring the quality of its goods and services

Globalization: China’s Long March to globalization (中国实现全球化的路程漫长)

When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, Or patent it. A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (垄断) and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates. Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events. The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’’s normal life there was no color TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention. Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor’’s right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security. Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most "new" ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear. 49. To avoid violation of other inventor’’s right, experts advise to plagiarize a dead patent instead of______________________________.

[背景资料] 某混凝土重力坝工程包括左岸非溢流坝段、溢流坝段、右岸非溢流坝段、右岸坝肩混凝土刺墙段。最大坝高43m，坝顶全长322m，共17个坝段。该工程采用明渠导流施工。坝址以上流域面积610.5Km2，属于亚热带暖湿气候区，雨量充沛，湿润温和。平均气温比较高，需要采取温控措施。其施工组织设计主要内容包括： (1)大坝混凝土施工方案的选择。 (2)坝体的分缝分块。根据混凝土坝型、地质情况、结构布置、施工方法、浇筑能力、温控水平等因素进行综合考虑。 (3)坝体混凝土浇筑强度的确定。应满足该坝体在施工期的历年度汛高程与工程面貌。在安排坝体混凝土浇筑工程进度时，应估算施工有效工作日，分析气象因素造成的停工或影响天数，扣除法定节假日，然后再根据阶段混凝土浇筑方量拟定混凝土的月浇筑强度和日平均浇筑强度。 (4)混凝土拌合系统的位置与容量选择。 (5)混凝土运输方式与运输机械选择。 (6)运输线路与起重机轨道布置。门、塔机栈桥高程必须在导流规划确定的洪水位以上，宜稍高于坝体重心，并与供料线布置高程相协调，栈桥一般平行于坝轴线布置，栈桥墩宜部分埋入坝内。 (7)混凝土温控要求及主要温控措施。为防止混凝土坝出现裂缝，可采取哪些温控措施