题目内容
SECTION 4
Directions: Each question below consists of a word printed in capital letters followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. Since some of the questions require you to distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the choices before deciding which one is best.
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Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients – to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death？ In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to expose corruption or to promote the public interest.
What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form. of cancer that will cause him to die within six months？ Is it best to tell him the truth？ If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the prognosis？ Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation？
Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.
Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote: "Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for troth's sake, and that is 'as far as possible do no harm' ."
Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will "do no harm" and may well help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and distort grave news, especially to the incurably iii and the dying.
But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to bestow is now coming to be documented. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: helps them tolerate pain better, need less medication, and even recover faster after surgery.
Not only do lies not provide the "help" hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception: they invade the autonomy of patients and make them unable to decide on informed choices concerning their health.
The following are greater needs than honesty, except for ______.
Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that "assembly-line life" will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life4o joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local cart？
Since the late 1950's life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, good- oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.
In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modem economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, convenience, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modem, industrial France is preferable to the old.
Which of the following is NOT given as a feature of the old French way of life？
A．Clay tiles.B．Slate or stone.C．Wooden shingles.D．Reeds or straw.
【C6】
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