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施工单位专职安全生产管理人员依法对本单位的安全生产工作( )。
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Text 4By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in the world were considered literate. The increase in literacy from ancient times to the present has not been a story of unbroken progress. The ability of people within a given society to read and write has been influenced by a number of factors, including economic well-being, the availability of material to read, the amount of education available, and the basic matter of the usefulness of reading.Of these factors, usefulness has probably been the most decisive. In ancient societies, as people settled into stable patterns of agriculture and trade, it became useful for some of them to read and write in order to keep records, to transact business, and to measure amounts of land, animals, goods, materials, and produce. Since all economic aspects of a society were closely tied to the operations of government, literacy became useful and even necessary for the keeping of records by officials. The responsibilities of citizenship led to a fairly high level of literacy in ancient Greece and Rome, but in addition to that, there also grew an appreciation of good literature, poetry, drama, history, and philosophy.During the early Middle Ages, with the general breakdown of society in Europe and the decrease of commerce, literacy became largely confined to the church. But in the late Middle Ages, in the period of the Renaissance, the great expansion of commerce and banking led to a revival in literacy for the same reason that had caused it to increase in the ancient world -- usefulness.With the invention of the printing press and inexpensive paper late in the 15th century there was for the first time a great availability of reading material for a much greater number of people. Religious reformers were among the first to utilize the situation, quickly getting translations of the Bible and educational tracts and booklets into the hands of many people.The broadened religious enlightenment that resulted was followed in later centuries by a political one. Political theorists who favored doctrines promoting the natural rights of man called for an attack upon illiteracy. Political revolutions, particularly in the United States and France, helped inaugurate an era in which all classes were called upon to become informed on public policy for their own welfare. Against this political background there emerged the movement for universal popular education. Literacy came to be understood as a means whereby the individual could benefit and advance,* and gradually whole societies began to acknowledge that universal literacy among their citizens was an avenue to greater economic well-being. What took place in literacy just before the Renaissance（）
Text 1Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer literate”, in othe words, to learn to understand computers and what make them tick. But not all experts agree, however, that this is a good idea.One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Gomputer-town UK. Although many people see it’that way. He says that Computer-town UK was formed for computer, but David does not see it that way. He says that Computer-town UK was formed for just the opposite reason to bring computer to the people and make them “People-literate”.David first got the idea when he visited one of America’s best-known computer “guru”figures Bob Albrecht, who had started a project called Computer-town USA in the local library.Over here, in Britain, Computer-towns have taken off in a big way, and there are now about 40 scattered, over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most successful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important difference between the two, although they complement each other. The clubs cater for the enthusiasts, with some computer knowledge already, who get together and eventually form an expert computer group. This frightens away non-experts, known as "grockles" (游客) who are happier going to Computer-towns where there are computers available for them to experiment on, with experts available to encourage them and answer any question; they are not told what to do, they find out.David Tebbut finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working side by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people really want to know. People are not having to learn computer jargon (行话), but the experts are having to translate computer mysteries into easily understood terms; the computers are becoming "people--literate". According to the passage, which of the following is NOT wrong（）
In the nineteenth century Charles Dickens, the English novelist, wrote excitedly (1) a stage-coach, pulled along by a team of horses, that could (2) more than twenty miles of road within sixty minutes. To us in the twentieth century in (3) man is able to move and to communicate with such rapidity, the (4) of the stage-coach seems no speed at all. Aeroplanes fly many hundreds of miles in an hour; express trains (5) four times the speed of the stage-coach; and even without (6) we can, by wireless or telegraph, communicate within seconds with people on (7) side of the’ globe. The (8) of these increased speeds are numerous. Business (9) say, from Europe to America or to the Far East can save much time. (10) a journey that would once have taken weeks, it (11) now, by air, only twenty-four hours. Fruit, vegetables and other goods that would decay (12) a long, slow journey can now be safely sent to far-distant places. Members of one family (13) each other by vast distances can have conversations with each other by telephone (14)if they were all sitting in the same room.Not ail the effects of speed, however, are (15) People who are in the habit of using a motor car (16) they want to move half a mile become physically lazy and lose the (17) of enjoying a vigorous walk. Those who travel through a country at eighty miles a hour do not see much of the life of that country, of its people and animals and plants, as they flash (18) They become so anxious about moving quickly from one place to another that they are (19) able to relax and enjoy a (20) journey. Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.20（）
Text 2There was great public interest when a big hole mysteriously appeared in the middle of a field. Army mechanics and engineers were called in to explain how it had got there. They orrered various explanations but were not at all sure how the hole had’been caused. It was thought that a large shell which must have lain buried under the ground for many years had suddenly exploded, but it was not possible to prove this.A “simple", but highly improbable, explanation was offered by a man who claims to be especially well-informed about "flying saucers —the strange objects which are round in shape and are said to visit the earth occasionally from outer space. The man’s explanation may have been nonsense, but at least it was imaginative. At any rate, it was far more interesting than the one given by the army.After examing the ground carefully, the man claimed to have seen special marks on the soil quite near the hole. These, he said, could only have been caused by a flying saucer. Moreover, the leaves on some bushes nearby had turned yellow because of a strange hot gas which had come from the saucer just before it landed. Even a small tree some way off appeared to have been burnt slightly. A small piece of metal found in the hole itself provided further proof that a strange object had been there. According to the man, it was quite clear that people from another world had been circling the earth trying to pick up information, when something had gone wrong. Because of this they had been forced to land in a field so that the damage could be repaired. The hole had been caused when the saucer struck the earth, while the strange marks nearby were made when it took off again. This, said the man, was the simplest explanation of how the hole had appeared. Judging from the interest the public took in the matter, there must be quite a few people who secretly believe or hope that this "simple" explanation is the true one. By way of explanation the man produced all the following proofs EXCEPT（）
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