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Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Response to noise in hospital was 1 related to custom and background. All patients of professional classes discussed ward noises, and expressed varying degrees of dissatisfaction 2 what they thought of as "avoidable noise". The 74 people who made no comment on noise and the 19 who 3 that the ward was not noisy were either in unskilled work, often factories, or the wives of unskilled workers living a comparatively communal life. There is also a suggestion 4 noise is related to severity of illness, and resultant length of stay in 5 . Noise that may not 6 a seriously ill patient because of his condition, begins to irritate as he 7 strength. It would not be profitable to list 8 by patients, but it would perhaps be 9 to look at what were broadly thought of as "hospital noises", that is, noise inherent in a 10 situation and accepted, if not 11 by patients; and then to consider the " avoidable noises"—those made through, perhaps, 12 of thought or care. Because of the structure of the wards in which the patients were nursed, 13 to the noise of the other members of the community was 14 and accepted by all patients as such, however much it may have disturbed them both 15 and emotionally. It has already been discussed that patients suggested the 16 of seriously ill or disturbed patients from this main ward, but, so long as the patients in the wards, this will always be a 17 of hospital noise. Many patients express the 18 that they might, some day, be responsible for the 19 of others in a similar way. The fact that patients were always tolerant of noises 20 that they were tolerant because they themselves were concerned, but many questioned the effect of such noise by, for example, young people in the ward.
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Linguistics professors and therapists have discovered how people achieve mutual understanding, both consciously and unconsciously, by observing the body language and voice patterns of the person they are talking to. If you are dealing with someone who is painfully shy, you’re not going to make a good connection by overwhelming them with your cheerfulness. By matching someone’s behavior we can gain their confidence, achieve a good relationship and improve the quality of communication—in other words, we can get on someone’s wavelength. One of the powerful aspects of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) is its use of suggestion and positive thinking. We can become aware of the negative and turn it to the positive. Once it is framed in a positive way as a goal, the brain can begin to grapple with it and then apply itself to achieving that outcome. To put it another way, if you don’t know where you’re going, it makes it harder to get there. "I wish I weren’t so shy" is no good as a goal. "I want to be confident, relaxed and outgoing when I meet new people" tells you’ exactly what you want and gives you some clues as to how you could modify your behavior to achieve it. At some level we already know this. What’s the best way to make someone, particularly a child, drop something Say " Mind you don’t drop it. " If you tell children "Don’t make a mess", a mess is undoubtedly what they will make. You have announced your expectations. You’ve already visualized the tray being dropped, the room being untidy and, surprise, the wheels are set in motion and what we warn against is what happens. So, avoid making negative statements. Instead, try saying "Could you please keep the room tidy" or "Make sure you keep those drinks on the tray. " Immediately, you have a more positive image of the desired outcome of events and your brain and body become subconsciously programmed to achieve it. NLP can be applied to any area of human activity. It has been used to cultivate excellence in sport, business, education, music and the arts. Managers find their managerial skills improved, salespeople learn how to adapt their presentation to the customer, and educators find ways to involve students more fully. What does the word” cultivate" (L. 1, Para. 4) mean
For centuries man dreamed of achieving vertical height. In 400 A. D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased. Leonardo da Vinci conceived the first mechanical apparatus, called a "Helix", which could carry a man straight up, but this was only a design and was never tested. The ancient dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian immigrant, an aeronautical engineer, piloted a strange-looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth. That vehicle was called a helicopter. Imaginations were fired. Men dreamed of commuting to work in their own personal helicopter. Every man would have one in his backyard. People anticipated that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled. The helicopter has now become an extremely versatile machine. It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go. Corporations use them as airborne offices, many metropolitan areas use them in police work, construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways, engineers use them for site selection and surveying, and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter. Among their other multitude of uses, they deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons. How has the use of helicopters developed
For centuries man dreamed of achieving vertical height. In 400 A. D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased. Leonardo da Vinci conceived the first mechanical apparatus, called a "Helix", which could carry a man straight up, but this was only a design and was never tested. The ancient dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian immigrant, an aeronautical engineer, piloted a strange-looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth. That vehicle was called a helicopter. Imaginations were fired. Men dreamed of commuting to work in their own personal helicopter. Every man would have one in his backyard. People anticipated that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled. The helicopter has now become an extremely versatile machine. It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go. Corporations use them as airborne offices, many metropolitan areas use them in police work, construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways, engineers use them for site selection and surveying, and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter. Among their other multitude of uses, they deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons. Under what conditions are helicopters found to be almost indispensable
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