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For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and ,write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. The term "formal learning" is used in this paper to refer to all learningwhich takes place in the classroom, without regard to such learning is (1)performed by conservative or progressive ideologies. "In formal learning",on the other hand, is used to referring to learning which takes place outside (2)the classroom. These definitions provide the essential, though by all means sole, (3)difference between the two modes of learning. Formal learning is separatedfrom daily life and, indeed, as Scribner and Cole(1973.. 553) have observed,may actually "promote ways of learning and thing which often run counter on (4)those nurtured in practical daily life." A characteristic feature of formallearning is the centrality of activities which are not closely paralleled byactivities outside the classroom. The classroom can prepare for, draw, and (5)imitate the challenges of adult life outside the classroom, but it cannot, by itsnature, consist of these challenges. In doing this, language plays a crucial role as the major channel forinformation exchange. "Success" in the classroom requires a student tomaster this abstract signal. As Berstein noted, the language of the classroom (6)is more similar to the language used by middle-class families than that used byworking-class families. Middle class children thus find it easier to acquire thelanguage of the classroom than their working-class peers. Informal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to conduct this role. (7)Informal learning is acquired as natural part of a child’s socialization. Adultsor older children who are proficient at the skill or activity provide—sometimes (8)unintentionally—target models of behavior in the course of everyday activity.Informal learning, however, can take place at any time and is not subject by (9)the limitations imposed by institutional timetabling. (10)

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Florence Nightingale is most remembered as a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods. For most of her ninety years, Nightingale pushed for reform of the British military health-care system and with that the profession of nursing started to gain the respect it deserved. Unknown to many, however, was her use of new techniques, of statistical analysis, such as during the Crimean War when she plotted the incidence of preventable deaths in the military. She developed a method to prevent the needless deaths caused by unsanitary conditions and the need for reform. With her analysis, Florence Nightingale revolutionized the idea that social phenomena could be objectively measured and subjected to mathematical analysis. She was an innovator in the collection, interpretation, and display of statistics. Florence Nightingale’s two greatest life achievements-pioneering of nursing and the reform of hospitals-were amazing considering that most Victorian women of her age group did not attend universities or pursue professional careers. It was her father, William Nightingale, who believed women, especially his children, should get an education. So Nightingale and her sister learned Italian, Latin, Greek, history, and mathematics. She in particular received excellent early preparation in mathematics. During Nightingale’s time at Scutari, she collected data and systematized record-keeping practices. Nightingale was able to use the data as a tool for improving city and military hospitals. Nightingale’s calculations of the death rate showed that with an improvement of sanitary methods, deaths would decrease. In February, 1855, the death rate at the hospital was 42.7 percent of the cases treated. When Nightingale’s sanitary reform was implemented, the death rate declined. Nightingale took her statistical data and represented them graphically. As Nightingale demonstrated, statistics provided an organized way of learning and lead to improvements in medical and surgical practices. She also developed a Model Hospital Statistical Form for hospitals to collect and generate consistent data and statistics. She became a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society in 1858 and an honorary member of the American Statistical Association in 1874. Karl Pearson acknowledged Nightingale as a "prophetess" in the development of applied statistics. What does the word "sanitation" mean in the passage

A. Medication.
B. Cleanness.
C. Nursing.
D. Reforms

Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an (1) should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, (2) , most people make several job choices during their working lives, (3) because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve (4) position. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should (5) enter into a broad flexible training program that will (6) them for a field of work rather than for a single (7) .Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans (8) benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing (9) about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss (10) .Some drift from job to job. Others (11) to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for (12) real or imagined prestige. Too many high school students-or their parents for them-choose the professional field, (13) both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal (14) . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a "white collar" job is (15) good reason for choosing it as life’s work. (16) , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the (17) of young people should give serious (18) to these fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants (19) life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others are willing to take (20) for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards. 8（）

A. to
B. for
C. without
D. with

论述供应链绩效评价与现行企业绩效评价的对比。

THE PRESSURE THAT WORKING PEOPLE HAVE TO FACE IN CHINA In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions ,may result in a loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.