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A 500-year-old world map that was the first to name a newfound continent west of Europe "America" was sold for one million dollars at an auction(拍卖) in Christie’’s in London. Charles Frodshan, a London book and manuscript dealer, bought the map for 545,600 pounds during bidding at Christie’’s. Christie’’s said the map was also the first printed portrayal(肖像图) of the Earth as a globe, the first that distinguishes North and South America individually, and the first complete picture of the Pacific Ocean. Printed in 1507 by the German geographer Martin Waldseemuller, the map is just one of five in existence and had been expected to sell for between 500,000 and 800,000 pounds. The document, which is the most important article in the sale of maps, atlases and globes by Christie’’s, was discovered in February 2003 after a European collector realized that it was one of the maps in his collection. "This is one of the most exciting discoveries of my career, and represents the peak in the history of map making... This simple sheet of paper holds so many new and anticipated discoveries, all created with an enormous leap of faith by a venerable geographer in a small town in Lorraine (eastern France)," said Tom Lamb, director of the auction house’’s book and manuscript department, in a statement. Most history documents credit the Genoa-born explorer, Christopher Columbus, with being the first European to discover the so-called New World of North and South America in 1492, but he was convinced it was part of Asia. A second Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, actually argued that the landmass to the west of Europe was a whole new continent. Until the map’’s publication, the layout of the world had been based on the knowledge of the ancient Greeks. But in 1505, Rene II, the Duke of Lorraine ordered a group of scholars led by Waldseemuller to draft a new world map. He gave them a French translation of Vespucci’’s travels and as a result, the scholars decided to name the new landmass "America" after the traveler’’s first name. How did the continent of America get this name
Sugar is so much a part of our modern life that we only really think about it when, for some reason, we cannot obtain it. It has been known to man for at least 3,000 years, but has come into common use only in modern times. Until quite recently it was considered as a medicine and as a luxury for the very rich only. Sugar is, then, very important to our civilization. But what exactly is it Of course, most of us recognize sugar immediately as the sweet material which we put in coffee or cakes. This common form of sugar is derived from two plants: the sugar cane (a type of grass which grows to a height of twenty feet) and the sugar beet (which grows underground). But there are in fact many types of sugar, and the chemist recognizes hundreds of different varieties, each coming from a different source. About 90% of the sugar produced as food. Only 10% is used in industry for purposes other than food production. Yet sugar has great possibilities for use as the basis of chemicals. It can even be used for making plastics. In the future these potential uses will certainly be developed more than in the past. There are many reasons why we should increase the production of sugar. Most important is that it is one of the most highly concentrated of energy foods. Thus sugar cane and beet produce an average of 7, 000,000 calories per acre. In this way they have the advantage over potatoes which give only 4,000,000, while figure for wheat and beans is 2,000,000 each. So three acres of land growing wheat and potatoes give only slightly more energy than one acre of sugar. The heading of Paragraph one may be________.
A 500-year-old world map that was the first to name a newfound continent west of Europe "America" was sold for one million dollars at an auction(拍卖) in Christie’’s in London. Charles Frodshan, a London book and manuscript dealer, bought the map for 545,600 pounds during bidding at Christie’’s. Christie’’s said the map was also the first printed portrayal(肖像图) of the Earth as a globe, the first that distinguishes North and South America individually, and the first complete picture of the Pacific Ocean. Printed in 1507 by the German geographer Martin Waldseemuller, the map is just one of five in existence and had been expected to sell for between 500,000 and 800,000 pounds. The document, which is the most important article in the sale of maps, atlases and globes by Christie’’s, was discovered in February 2003 after a European collector realized that it was one of the maps in his collection. "This is one of the most exciting discoveries of my career, and represents the peak in the history of map making... This simple sheet of paper holds so many new and anticipated discoveries, all created with an enormous leap of faith by a venerable geographer in a small town in Lorraine (eastern France)," said Tom Lamb, director of the auction house’’s book and manuscript department, in a statement. Most history documents credit the Genoa-born explorer, Christopher Columbus, with being the first European to discover the so-called New World of North and South America in 1492, but he was convinced it was part of Asia. A second Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, actually argued that the landmass to the west of Europe was a whole new continent. Until the map’’s publication, the layout of the world had been based on the knowledge of the ancient Greeks. But in 1505, Rene II, the Duke of Lorraine ordered a group of scholars led by Waldseemuller to draft a new world map. He gave them a French translation of Vespucci’’s travels and as a result, the scholars decided to name the new landmass "America" after the traveler’’s first name. Christie’’s in this passage refers to________.
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