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TEXT C Some politicians are scurrying about with much zest and anticipation. It is time, their polls inform them, to find the quick fix for what they have determined is a society plagued by the irregular heartbeat of deficient values. But there are contradictions that intrude on this denunciatory atmosphere. If there are moral omissions in the society, they cannot be sealed by instant, slenderly based attacks on entertainment. The plain fact is we are rearranging our priorities in the wrong way. We are today misplacing our energies and our funding by directing all sorts of incentives to high schools and colleges. That is too late. The moral scaffolding has been built by then, for better or for worse. How then to begin this revision of life conduct7 We must introduce in pre-school, and keep alive through grade five, a new school course. The course could be titled, "What is right, and what is plainly wrong." For 30 minutes each day, the teacher would illuminate for these very young children what William Faulkner labeled "the old verities", the words that construct and implement the daily moral grind in every durable society must engage if it is to be judged a "just" society. These are words like duty, honor, service, integrity, pity, pride, compassion and sacrifice, plus the clear demonstration that violence is wrong. To the teaching of the meaning of those words must be added that cleansing rule of treating other people as you would want them to treat you. And most of all to make sure that these kids understand with growing clarity that home, school and church are the sanctuaries for their later life. There is a grand simplicity to this kind of school course. It enters a child’s mind early, burrowing deep into those recesses of the human brain that even today advanced medical science has not been able to penetrate. If you ask enough people, you will find that most of us remember our first or second grade teacher. I remember Miss Corbett and Miss Walker, who read to us before we really understood, but the words had weight and allure. We listened and, without really knowing it, we learned and saved what we learned. Perhaps, it was because what we heard in those early school years was the first entry into our learning vessel. Absent this kind of early instruction, absent the building of this moral shield, no congressional law, no presidential executive order, no fiery rhetoric will salvage a child’s conduct nor locate a missing moral core. Which of the following can best summarize the author’s argument
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属于B细胞缺陷病
Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET. Many critics consider that far more stress is placed on achievements in athletics than in the academic sphere. We’re told that it’s (31) to compel boys with no athletic (32) to spend hours of misery on the playground, when, if (33) to themselves, they would occupy their time far more usefully in some (34) hobby. The (35) to this argument, no doubt, (36) the simple assumption that every non-athlete has some good hobby. It’s not true; (37) even if it were, other hobbies are no substitute for being out, exercising the muscles and having (38) with our human beings. (39) the youthful idolizing of athletes, which tends to upset a boy’s (40) of values and may do (41) harm to the objects of this hero-worship, (42) a very different matter.The schoolboy (43) may suffer through being surrounded at an early age with feint (44) of artificial light. From preparatory school to university his career is a (45) procession. Then he becomes a future legend, one of the great products of the school that is proud to call him her son although (46) may have taught him nothing except to play football. Not until he hangs up his (47) does he realize his true value--or the lack of it. It’d be better for everybody if this artificial glory were (48) from games at an early stage. For some devotees, sport is kind of religion, the sporting spirit is the finest attitude to face life, since its possessor is very conscious of his obligation to the (49) . The truth is that games have practically no effect on character. Games afford an opportunity for showing the spirit within; they are a (50) for virtue or for vice. It’s for this reason that we should value them.
TEXT B Cultural norms so completely surround people, so permeate thought and action, that we never recognize the assumptions on which their lives and their sanity rest. As one observer put it, if birds were suddenly endowed with scientific curiosity they might examine many things, but the sky itself would be overlooked as a suitable subject; if fish were to become curious about the world, it would never occur to them to begin by investigating water. For birds and fish would take the sky and sea for granted, unaware of their profound influence because they comprise the medium for every fact. Human beings, in a similarly way, occupy a symbolic universe governed by codes that are unconsciously acquired and automatically employed. So much so that they rarely notice that the ways they interpret and talk about events are distinctively different from the ways people conduct their affairs in other cultures. As long as people remain blind to the sources of their meanings, they are imprisoned within them. These cultural frames of reference are no less confining simply because they cannot be seen or touched. Whether it is an individual neurosis that keeps an individual out of contact with his neighbors, or a collective neurosis that separates neighbors of different cultures, both are forms of blindness that limit what can be experienced and what can be learned from others. It would seem that everywhere people would desire to break out of the boundaries of their own experiential worlds. Their ability to react sensitively to a wider spectrum of events and peoples requires an overcoming of such cultural parochialism. But, in fact, few attain this broader vision. Some, of course, have little opportunity for wider cultural experience, though this condition should change as the movement of people accelerates. Others do not try to widen their experience because they prefer the old and familiar, seek from their affairs only further confirmation of the correctness of their own values. Still others recoil from such experiences because they feel it dangerous to probe too deeply into the personal or cultural unconscious. Exposure may reveal how tenuous and arbitrary many cultural norms are; such exposure might force people to acquire new bases for interpreting events. And even for the many who do seek actively to enlarge the variety of human beings with whom they are capable of communicating there are still difficulties. Cultural myopia persists not merely because of inertia and habit, but chiefly because it is so difficult to overcome. One acquires a personality and a culture in childhood, long before he is capable of comprehending either of them. To survive, each person masters the perceptual orientations, cognitive biases, and communicative habits of his own culture. But once mastered, objective assessment of these same processes is awkward since the same mechanisms that are being evaluated must be used in making the evaluations. It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that ______.
In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news. Who is Howard Stringer
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