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Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which is normally (21) by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other (22) situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has (23) in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial (24) ; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants.(25) , the standard variety of English is based on the London (26) of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one (27) by the educated, and it was developed and promoted (28) a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the (29) that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, (30) English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are (31) the same everywhere in the world where English is used; (32) among local standards is realIy quite minor, (33) the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very (34) different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are (35) . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous (36) on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have (37) much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be (38) . This latter situation is not unique (39) English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are (40) . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的) ones. 30().
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Every year New Zealanders living in London can be seen loading up Kombi vans and heading off to experience the "classic European holiday". The trip usually starts in the north of France, after crossing the channel from Dover in England to Calais, driving down through France, over the Pyrenees into Spain, west into Portugal and then across the Continent to Italy and often beyond.There are numerous reasons young New Zealanders take this rite of passage--as well as seeing all the fantastic sights and tasting the delights of Europe’s food and wine, it’s relatively inexpensive. The Kombi is transport and accommodation all in one, cutting down significantly on costs.There is just one problem. As the Kombis become "antique", these trips are usually punctuated with numerous roadside sessions as the van sits idle, in no hurry to start, while you swelter in the hot sun. But do not let this deter you. Travelling Europe in your own vehicle means no public transport schedules to cramp your style, the ability to explore the quaint, off-the-beaten-track villages where the "real" locals live, freedom to not have to book accommodation in advance--you can nearly always get a campsite and can load your vehicle with cheap, fantastic regional wines and souvenirs. With these bonuses in mind, here are some suggestions for planning the great Europe road adventure. The key to a pleasurable driving experience is a good navigator and a driver with a cool head. If you do not feel relaxed driving around New Zealand’s cities and highways, then you probably will not enjoy driving around Europe. As co-pilot to the driver, you need to read (and understand) maps, look out for turn-offs--and keep the music playing. Language is not a big problem once a few essential terms are mastered. The biggest challenge is in the cities, where traffic can be chaotic and elaborate one-way systems and narrow, cobbled alleyways can make finding your destination hard work. It can be easier to leave the vehicle on the outskirts of town or in a camping ground and use public transport. This also avoids paying for costly parking. The underlined word "Kombi" (Para. 1) most probably means "()" .
Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which is normally (21) by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other (22) situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has (23) in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial (24) ; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants.(25) , the standard variety of English is based on the London (26) of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one (27) by the educated, and it was developed and promoted (28) a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the (29) that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, (30) English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are (31) the same everywhere in the world where English is used; (32) among local standards is realIy quite minor, (33) the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very (34) different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are (35) . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous (36) on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have (37) much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be (38) . This latter situation is not unique (39) English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are (40) . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的) ones. 39().
There are advantages in 1997, if you want to look for them. The air is cleaner, and there seem to be fewer colds. The crime rate has dropped. With the police car too expensive, policemen are back on their beats. More important, the streets are full. Legs are king, and people walk everywhere far into the night. There is mutual protection in crowds.If the weather isn’t too cold, people sit out front. If it is hot, the open air is the only air-conditioning they get. At least, the street lights still burn. Indoors, few people can afford to keep lights burning after supper.As for the winter--well, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of what furnace fuel is allowed hoarded for the dawn. But sweaters are popular indoor wear. Showers are not an everyday luxury.It is sore in the suburbs, which were born with the auto, lived with the auto, and are dying with the auto. Suburbanites from associations that assign turns to the procurement and distribution of food. Rushcarts creak from house to house along the posh suburban roads, and every bad snowstorm is a disaster. It isn’t easy to hoard enough food to last till the roads are open.What energy is left must be conserved for agriculture. The great car factories make trucks and farm machinery almost exclusively. The American population isn’t going up much any more, but the food supply must be kept high even though the prices and difficulty of distribution force each American to eat less. Food is needed for export to pay for some trickles of oil and for other resources.The rest of the world is not as lucky as we are. They’re starving out there because earth’s population has continued to rise. The population on earth is 5. 5 billion--up by 1.5 billion since 1997--and outside the United States and Europe, not more than one in five has enough to eat at any given time. There is a high infant mortality rate.It’s more than just starvation, though. There are those who manage to survive on barely enough to keep the body working, and that proves to be not enough for the brain. It is estimated that nearly two billion people in the world are permanently brain damaged by undernutrition, and the number is growing.At least, the big armies are gone. Only the United States and the Soviet Union can maintain a few tanks, planes, and ships--which they dare not move for fear of biting into limited fuel reserves.Machines must be replaced by human muscle and beasts of burden. People are working longer hours, and with lighting restricted, television only three hours a night, new books few and printed in small editions--what is there to do with leisure Work, sleep, and eating are the great trinity of 1997, and only the first two are guaranteed. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage().
试分析正确认识和处理新形势下人民内部矛盾对于和谐社会建设的重要意义及正确对待和处理人民内部矛盾、建设和谐社会的主要措施。
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