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How Deafness Makes It Easier to HearMost people think of Beethoven"s hearing loss as an obstacle to composing music. However, he produced his most powerful works in the last decade of his life when he was completely 1 .This is one of the most glorious eases of the triumph of will over adversity, but his biographer, Maynard Solomon, takes a different 2 . Solomon argues that Beethoven"s deafness "heightened" his achievement as a composer. In his deaf world Beethoven could experiment, free from the sounds of the outside world, free to 3 new forms and harmonies.Hearing loss does not seem to affect the musical ability of musicians 4 become deaf. They continue to "hear" music with as much, or greater, accuracy than if they were actually hearing it being 5 .Michael Eagar, who died in 2003, became deaf 6 the age of 21. He described a fascinating phenomenon that happened within three months: "My former musical experiences began to play 7 to me. I couldn"t differentiate between what I heard and real hearing. After many years, it is still rewarding to listen to these playbacks, to "hear" music which is new to me and to find many quiet accompaniments for all of my moods."How is it that the world we see, touch, hear, and 8 is both "out there" and at the same time within us There is no better example of this connection between external stimulus and internal perception than the cochlear implant. No man-made 9 could replace the ability to hear. However, it might be possible to use the brain"s remarkable power to make sense of the electrical signals the implant produces.When Michael Eagar first "switched on" his cochlear implant, the sounds he heard were not at all 10 . Gradually, with much hard work, he began to identify everyday 11 . For example, "The insistent ringing of the telephone became clear almost at once."The primary purpose of the implant is to allow communication with 12 . When people spoke to Eagar, he heard their voices "coming through like a long-distance telephone call on a poor connection". But when it 13 to his beloved music, the implant was of no help. When he wanted to appreciate music, Eagar played the piano. He said, "I play the piano as I used to and hear it in my head at the same time. The movement of my fingers and the feel of the keys give added "clarity" to 14 in my head."Cochlear implants allow the deaf to hear again in a way that is not perfect, but which can change their lives. Still, as Michael, Eagar discovered, when it comes to musical harmonies, hearing is irrelevant. Even the most amazing cochlear implants 15 have been useless to Beethoven as he composed his Ninth Symphony at the end of his life.
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Learning to ForgiveTo forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of yourgrudge. But forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health."People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness," says Frederic Luskin, Ph. D. , author of Forgive for Good. "So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital."So how do you start the healing Try following these steps:Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. "Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love," Luskin says.Don"t wait for an apology. "Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing," Luskin says. "They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don"t see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time." Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. "Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around yon," Luskin says.Try to see things from the other person"s perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear, even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender"s point of view.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.Don"t forget to forgive yourself. "For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge," Luskin says. "But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don"t do it." "Take a couple of breaths and think of someone you love" is a good way to ______.
Learning to ForgiveTo forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of yourgrudge. But forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health."People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness," says Frederic Luskin, Ph. D. , author of Forgive for Good. "So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital."So how do you start the healing Try following these steps:Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. "Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love," Luskin says.Don"t wait for an apology. "Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing," Luskin says. "They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don"t see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time." Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. "Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around yon," Luskin says.Try to see things from the other person"s perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear, even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender"s point of view.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.Don"t forget to forgive yourself. "For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge," Luskin says. "But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don"t do it." According to Luskin, you should not wait for an apology. There are several reasons EXCEPT that ______.
Diabetes (糖尿病) and Eye DamageOver 2 million Canadians have diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age. Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin (胰岛素) or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose (葡萄糖), a simple sugar, to the body"s cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose, which is used by the cells as a source of energy. If insulin isn"t available or doesn"t work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells, glucose will stay in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels.High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, including the tiny blood vessels in the eye. This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy (糖尿病型视网膜病). The retina (视网膜) is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy, some blood vessels in the retina are lost, and some of the other blood vessels begin to "leak" blood. This causes the retina to swell, and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients (滋养物). Eventually, the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones. Unfortunately, these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones. They are more likely to break, causing bleeding in the eye.At first, people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms. As the disease gets worse, they may notice blurred (模糊的) vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on, it can progress to blindness. Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy, and the risk increases the longer you"ve had diabetes.Fortunately, you can reduce your risk. If you do not have diabetes, but think you may be at risk for this condition, visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes. If you do have diabetes:·Have frequent eye check-ups.·Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage.·If you have high blood pressure, follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control. If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure, or whether your blood pressure is under control, discuss this with your doctor. To slow down eye damage, people with diabetes should try to ______.
Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA, stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure. Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged. They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them (they had also suffered from severe heart failure). The patients who had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump (用泵抽水) more blood than the others.According to Professor Robert Kormos, one of the researchers, these results could revolutionize heart treatment. Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit, this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the failing heart work better.All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly. The scientists measured their ejection fraction (射血分数). This is a measure of heart performance; you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle (心室).Healthy people"s ejection fraction is about 55%. These patients had ejection fraction of under 35%. They all had by-pass surgery (搭桥手术) performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle. Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1% while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37.2%.No side effects were reported.Heart failure is a common problem all over the world. In the UK alone about 650,000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.Current treatments relieve the symptoms. This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease. The experiment proved to be satisfactory.
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