题目内容
We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either C0caCola Classic or Pepsi, Diet Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they'd have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.
We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants' choices with what mere guesswork could have accomplished.
Getting ail four samples right was a tough test, but not too though, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified theft brand of choice in all four trials. The diet cola drinkers did a little worse -- only 7 out of 27 identified all four samples correctly.
While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.
According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to______.
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Just over 10 years ago, Ingmar Bergman announced that the widely acclaimed Fanny and Alexander would mark hi, last hurrah as a filmmaker, Although ,some critics had written him off as earnest but ponderous, others were saddened by the departure of an artist who had explored cinematic mood, -- from high tragedy to low comedy = during his four-decade career.
What nobody foresaw. that Bergman would find a variety of way, to circumvent his own retirement director television movies, tailing theater production, and writing screenplay, for other filmmakers to direct, Hi, latest enterprise as a screenwriter, Sunday', Children, complete, a trilogy of family-oriented movie, that began with Fanny and Alexander and continued with The Best Intentions written by Batsman and directed by Danish filmmaker Bille August,
Beside, dealing with member, of Bergman’s family in bygone times - it begins a few years after The Best Intentions leaves off- the new picture was directed by Daniel Batsman, his youngest son, Although it lacks the urgency and originality of the elder Bergman’s greatest achievements, such as The Silence and Potions, it has enough visual and emotional interest to make a worthy addition to his body of work,
Set in rural Sweden during the late 1920s, the story centers on a young, boy named Pa, clearly modeled on Ingmar Bergman himself. Pu's father is a country clergyman whose duties include traveling to the capital and ministering to the royal family, While this is an enviable position, it doesn’t assuage problems in the pastor’s marriage, Pu’s young enough to be fairly oblivious to such difficulties, but his awareness grows with the passage of time, So do the subtle tensions that mar Pu’s own relationship with his father, whose desire to show affection and compassion is hampered by a certain stiffness in his demeanor and chilliness in his emotions.
The film’s most resonant passages take place when Pu learns to see his father with new clarity while accompanying him on a cross-country trip to another parish. In a remarkable change of tone, this portion of the story is punctuated with .flash-forwards to a time 40 years in the future, showing the relationship between parent and child to be dramatically re versed: The father is now cared for by the son, and desires a forgiveness for past shortcomings that the younger man resolutely refuses to gram.
Brief and abrupt though they are, these scenes make a pungent contrast with the sunny landscapes and comic interludes in the early part of the movie.
Sunday’s Children is a film of many levels, and all are skillfully handled by Daniel Batsman in his directional debut. Gentle scenes of domestic contentment are sensitively interwoven with intimations of underlying malaise. While the more nostalgic sequences are photographed with an eye-dazzling beauty that occasionally threatens to become cloying, any such result is foreclosed by the jagged interruptions of the flash-forward sequences--an intrusive device that few filmmakers are agile enough to handle successfully, but that is put to impressive use by the Bergman team.
Henrik Linnros gives a smartly turned performance as young Pu, and Thommy Berggren - who starred in the popular Elvira Madison years ago - is steadily convincing as his father. Top honors go to the screenplay, though, which carries the crowded canvas of Fanny and Alexander and the emotional ambiguity of The Best Intentions into fresh and sometimes fascinating territory.
Over the years critical views of Bergman's work have ______.
Students are not allowed to ______ for the final exam if they have missed one third of the
Man is the only animal that laughs. Why is this true？ What makes us respond as we【C1】______ to pleasurable experiences？ What is the history of this "happy convulsion", as someone once【C2】______ it, and just what is its function？
We are not short【C3】______ theories to explain the mystery; for centuries, biologists, psychologists, and medical men have【C4】______ a definitive explanation of laughter. One writer theoried that its function is to intimidate others or to gain stature【C5】______ them by humiliating them. Another took the opposite view that we laugh in order not to cry. A psychologist offered the explanation that laughter functions as a remedy【C6】______ painful experiences, and that it serves to defend a person【C7】______ what the psychologist termed "the many minor pains【C8】______ which man is exposed". In the seventeenth century, a writer set【C9】______ the theory that we laugh when we compare ourselves with others and find ourselves superior; in effect, we laugh at the infirmities of others.【C10】______ every theory bas been concerned with either the structure or the function of laughter,【C11】______ relatively few have been devoted 【C12】______ the question of its origin. I propose to offer a theory which, so far as I am 【C13】______ , has not previously been set forth: that only those animals capable of speech are capable of laughter; and that therefore man, being the only animal that【C14】______ , is the only animal that laughs.
Those of us who have observed chimpanzees closely feel quite confident that the chimpanzee occasionally【C15】______ behavior. that looks very much like a primitive precursor of human laughter. This behavior, however, has been observed only in a human【C16】______ ; whether or not it occurs under natural【C17】______ is dubious; but the 【C18】______ fact that under any condition an ape is capable of such behavior. is【C19】______ more than passing【C20】______ for does it not indicate that early man had the rudiments of laughter？
【C1】
听力原文： Three of the world's smallest countries—Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Qatar—have the highest average incomes per person, according to a recent World Bank publication which measures income, output, and world populations. The small populations of these countries, combined with their tremendous oil wealth, resulted in a per capita income of ＄15,480 in Kuwait, ＄13,990 in UAE, and ＄11,400 in Qatar. By contrast, Bhutan, the tiny kingdom surrounded by India and Tibet, was the world's poorest country with per capita income of only ＄70.
The publication also shows that the richest of the industrial countries, Sweden, had an income of ＄8,670 per person, followed by the United States at ＄7,890, and Germany with ＄7,380. Europe remained the world's richest continent, with only two countries—Albania and Turkey—having per capita incomes of less than＄1,000.
In contrast, most people in Africa and Asia continue to live in poverty, with only a handful of countries in both continents having an income of more than ＄1,000 per person. Japan was the richest non-oil producing nation in Asia, with an annual income of ＄4,910 per head. This contrasts sharply with Bangladesh's ＄110, India's ＄150, and China's ＄410.
The three world's richest industrial countries are ______.
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