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The progress of civilization is not wholly a uniform drift towards better things. It may perhaps wear this aspect if we map it on a scale which is large enough. But such broad views obscure the details on which rests our whole understanding of the process. New epochs emerge with comparative suddenness, if we have regard to the scores of thousands of years through out which the complete history extends. Secluded races suddenly take their places in the main stream of events; technological discoveries transform the mechanism of human life; a primitive art quickly flowers into full satisfaction of some aesthetic craving; great religions in their crusading youth spread through the nations the peace of Heaven and the sword of the Lord.文明的进展并不完全是一股步调一致、日趋完美的洪流。从足够宏观的角度看，或许是这样的，但宏观视角往往会模糊了细节而这些细节恰恰就是我们理解文明进程的依据所在。假使我们从整个人类历史所穿越的几千几万年的角度来看。新时代的出现常常是相当突然的。与世隔绝的民族突然在主流历史事件中占有了一席之地；技术发明改变了人类的生存机制；一种原始的艺术形式迅速发展，充分满足了某种审美渴求；处于权力发展初期的伟大宗教，就在各民族中传播了天国的和平和上帝的威严。

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It was concluded from this experiment that short-term memory (in rats, at least) is unlike long-term memory. Short-term memory involves electrical impulses since at a temperature where electrical activity ceases, there is no memory. Long-term memory, in contrast, is unaffected by the disruption of electrical activity and may involve structural changes in brain cells.以上实验可以得出结论是，短时记忆和长时记忆是有区别的。短时记忆涉及到电脉冲，因为在电活动停止的温度条件下，记忆就不存在了。相比之下，长时记忆不会受到电活动的打断的影响，而可能会影响脑细胞。

这些神山，在中国古代史书和文学作品里，有许多记载和生动的描绘。最具有代表性的，除秦始皇派徐福到仙山找长生不老药外，便是《长恨歌》中讲杨贵妃约唐玄宗在蓬莱约会。Stories abounded in ancient Chinese historical and literary texts about these fairy mountains, are all vividly told. Of these stories, two are perhaps representative, one about how the First Emperor of Qin sends the alchemist Xu Fu on a voyage to distant fairy isles in search of the elixirs of life and the other about how Yang Guifei, the imperial concubine of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), expresses her wish that the emperor comes and meets her at Penglai, as described in "Song of Eternal Sorrow" by the poet of Bai Juyi in the same dynasty.

当多个NAＮＤ器件并行工作于一固态硬盘的内部时，带宽的大小及其延迟性就都可以是隐形的，只要运行性能出色且负载均匀地分布给各设备。When multiple NAＮＤ devices operate in parallel inside an SSD, the bandwidth scales, and the high latencies can be hidden, as long as enough outstanding operations are pending and the load is evenly distributed between devices.

一到上海, 我的同学就在机场等着接我。Arriving in Shanghai, my classmates were waiting for me at the airport.