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We have to realize how old, how very old, we are. Nations are classified as "aged" when they have 7 percent or more of their people aged 65 or above, and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countries had become like this. Of the really ancient societies, with over 13 percent above 65, all are in Northwestern Europe. We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be—at least, for any future that concerns us now.To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently recognized. There is the apparent paradox that the effective cause of the high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths. There is the economic principle that the dependency ratio—the degree to which those who cannot earn depend for a living on those who can—is more advantageous in older societies like ours than in the younger societies of the developing world, because lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than, numbers of the inactive aged. There is the appreciation of the historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change.If "revolution" is a rapid resettlement of the social structure, and if the age composition of the society counts as a very important aspect of that social structure, then there has been a social revolution in European and particularly Western European society within the lifetime of everyone over 50. Taken together, these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged. These facts and circumstances had leading position at a world gathering about aging as a challenge to science and to policy, held at Vichy in France.There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birth rate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere, rather than because of any change in the death rate, that we have grown so old. Long life is altering our society, of course, but in experiential terms. We have among us a very much greater experience of continued living than any society that has ever preceded us anywhere, and this will continue. But too much of that lengthened experience, even in the wealthy West, will be experience of poverty and neglect, unless we do something about it.If you are in your thirties, you ought to be aware that you can expect to live near one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. The older you are now, of course, the greater this proportion will be, and greater still if you are a woman. The dependency ratio means （）.
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The task of being accepted and enrolled in a university begins early for some students. Long (1) they graduate from high school. These students take special (2) to prepare for advanced study. They may also take one of more examinations that test how (3) prepared they are for the university. In the final year of high school, they (4) applications and send them, with their student records, to the universities which they hope to (5) . Some high school students may be (6) to have an interview with representatives of the university. Neatly, (7) and usually very frightened, they are (8) to show that they have a good attitude and the (9) to succeed.When the new students are finally (10) , there may be one more step they have to (11) before registering for classes and (12) to work. Many colleges and universities (13) an orientation program for new students. (14) these programs, the young people get to know the (15) for registration and student advising, university rules, the (16) of the library and all the other (17) services of the college or university.Beginning a new life in a new place can be very (18) . The more knowledge students have (19) the school, the easier it will be for them to (20) to the new environment. However, it takes time to get used to college life. 16（）
The task of being accepted and enrolled in a university begins early for some students. Long (1) they graduate from high school. These students take special (2) to prepare for advanced study. They may also take one of more examinations that test how (3) prepared they are for the university. In the final year of high school, they (4) applications and send them, with their student records, to the universities which they hope to (5) . Some high school students may be (6) to have an interview with representatives of the university. Neatly, (7) and usually very frightened, they are (8) to show that they have a good attitude and the (9) to succeed.When the new students are finally (10) , there may be one more step they have to (11) before registering for classes and (12) to work. Many colleges and universities (13) an orientation program for new students. (14) these programs, the young people get to know the (15) for registration and student advising, university rules, the (16) of the library and all the other (17) services of the college or university.Beginning a new life in a new place can be very (18) . The more knowledge students have (19) the school, the easier it will be for them to (20) to the new environment. However, it takes time to get used to college life. 6（）
Text 1New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It’s now a "global village" where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modem markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being "out of sight and out of mind". He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent.Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is all ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment ？（）
The task of being accepted and enrolled in a university begins early for some students. Long (1) they graduate from high school. These students take special (2) to prepare for advanced study. They may also take one of more examinations that test how (3) prepared they are for the university. In the final year of high school, they (4) applications and send them, with their student records, to the universities which they hope to (5) . Some high school students may be (6) to have an interview with representatives of the university. Neatly, (7) and usually very frightened, they are (8) to show that they have a good attitude and the (9) to succeed.When the new students are finally (10) , there may be one more step they have to (11) before registering for classes and (12) to work. Many colleges and universities (13) an orientation program for new students. (14) these programs, the young people get to know the (15) for registration and student advising, university rules, the (16) of the library and all the other (17) services of the college or university.Beginning a new life in a new place can be very (18) . The more knowledge students have (19) the school, the easier it will be for them to (20) to the new environment. However, it takes time to get used to college life. 13（）
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