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Americans smoke six thousand million cigarettes every year, that is, every person smokes about 4,195 cigarettes a year in the country of 18 years of age or more. It has been calculated that 51% of American men smoke while 34% of American women do so.Since 1939, scientific studies have shown that smoking does great harm to one’s health and it will shorten one’s life.Cigarette smoking is believed, by most research workers in the field, a very important cause in the development of the cancer of the lungs and the cancer of the throat and is believed to have much to do with some other kinds of cancers. Cigarette smokers suffer from the illness of the heart more often than those who don’t smoke. But strange, yet true, women are thought to be less affected, because when women smoke, they usually don’t breathe in the smoke so deeply. Most of doctors and researchers say, "Give up smoking. If you don’t smoke--don’t start!"Filters (过滤嘴) are required now to make smoking a bit safer, but they can only reduce, not get rid of, its poison.But there are still a number of doctors and research workers who are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They believe that the cancers of the lungs, the throat and so on may also be caused by air pollution, or chemical poison that is now being used by farmers in large quantities to destroy plant pests and small animals. Most doctors and research workers advise that ().
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From 1948 to 1961, the proportion of American blacks earning less than $3,000 a year declined from 78 to 47 percents at the same time, blacks earning more than $10,000 increased ______ from less than 1 to 17 percent. (proportion)
Museums have changed. They are no longer places that one "should" go to but now they are places to enjoy.At a science museum in Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Children’s Museum in New York, you can play an African drum. There are no "Do Not Touch" signs in some other museums in the USA.More and more museum directors have realized that people learn best when they can become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, the visitors are encouraged to touch, listen, operate and experiment so as to discover scientific rules for themselves.The purpose is not only to provide fun, but also help people feel at home in the world of science. If people don’t understand science, they will be afraid of it; and if they are afraid of science, they will not make the best use of it.One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and spare time. Another cause is the growing number of young people in the population. Many of them are college students or college graduates. They see things in a new and different way. They want art that they can take part in. The same is true of science and history.The old museums have been changing and the government is encouraging the building of new and modern museums. In the United States and Canada, there are more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. The growing population of young people caused the changes in museums because ().
Ever since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye broke, there has been confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection whatever.Sudan 1 is a red industrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food products across the European Union (EU) in July 2003.Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been striving to remove some food products from the shelves. So far 580 products have been recalled. Last week Sudan’s Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for clarification of the origin of the dye’s name.Omaima Mahmoud A1 Sharief, a press official at Sudan’s Embassy in China, explained the purpose of the inquiry was to clear up any misunderstanding over links between the country and the poisonous dye."We want to keep an eye on every detail and avoid any misunderstanding there," she said. "Our embassy to Britain asked them how the dye got that name and whether the dye had something to do with our country. But they told us there was no relationship."The FSA, an independent food-security watchdog in Britain, received a letter from the Sudan’s Embassy last week."They asked us why the dye is named Sudan, however, we also do not know how it got the name," she said. "People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out."Sudan dyes, which include Sudan 1 to 4, are red dyes used for coloring solvents, oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Which of the following is the best title()
I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was (36) and at the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad (37) a step and fell, sending my new suitcases (38) down the stairs. "Damn!" he screamed, his face turning red. I knew trouble was ahead. Whenever Dad’s face turns red, (39) !How could I ever (40) him to finish unloading the car (41) screaming at me or making a scene in front of the other girls, girls I would have to spend the (42) of the year with Doors were opening and faces were peering out (探出), as Dad walked (43) close behind. I felt it in my bones that my college life was getting off to a bad start.(44) the room quickly," I thought. "Get him into a chair and to calm down." But (45) , would there be a chair in Room 316 Or would it be an empty room(46) I turned the key in the lock and (47) the door open, with Dad (48) complaining about a hurting knee or something. I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my (49) , the room wasn’t empty at all! It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the walls.And there on a well-made bed sat Amy, my new roommate, dressed neatly. Greeting me with a nod, she said in a soft voice, "Hi, you must be Gori." Then, she (50) the music and looked over at (51) . "And of course, you’re Mr. Faber," she said, (52) . "Would you like a glass of iced tea" Dad’s face turned decidedly (53) before he could bring out a "yes".I knew (54) that Amy and I would be (55) and my first year of college would be a success. 45().
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