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Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts (67) our protective blanket on (68) . Light gets through, and this is essen- tial (69) plants to make the food which we (70) . Heat, (71) , makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet rays (紫外线 ) penetrate the (72) . Cosmic ( 宇宙的) rays of various kinds come (73) the air from outer space, but (74) quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As (75) as men leave the atmosphere they are (76) to this radiation; (77) their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, (78) prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in (79) . Doses of radiation are measured in (80) called "reins (霍姆)". We all 81 radiation here on earth from the sun, from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals. The " (82) " dose of radiation that we receive each year is about 100 millirems; it (83) according to where you live, and this is a very rough estimate. Scientists have reason to think (84) a man can (85) up with far more radia- tion (86) this without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed.
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下列是中国与美国、日本宪法有关国家制度的材料： 材料1 美国的“全部立法权，属于由参议院和众议院组成的合众国国会”。“行政权属于美利坚合众国总统”，“总统是合众国陆军、海军和应召为合众国服役的各州民兵的总司令”，“合众国的司法权，属于最高法院和国会不时规定和设立的低级法院”。“众议院和参议院通过的每一议案，在成为法律前应送交合众国总统。总统如批准方案，即应签署，如不批准，则应将议案连同其反对意见退回最初提出该议案的议院。该院应将谊项反对意见详细载入本院议事记录并进行复议。如经复议后，谊院三分之二议员同意通过该议案，该议案连同反对意见应一起送交另一议院，并同样由该院进行复议，如经该院三分之二议员赞同，该议案成为法律。” 摘自1887年美国宪法 材料2 “天皇是日本国的象征，是日本国民统一的象征，其地位，以主权所属的日本国民之意志为转移。”“天皇有关国事的一切行为，必须有内阁的建议与承认，由内阁负其责任”，“天皇根据国会的提名任命内阁总理大臣、最高法院法官”。“国会是最高国家权力机关，是国家惟一立法机关。”“行政属于内 阁”，“内阁总理大臣经国会议决在国会议员中提名”，“内阁总理大臣任命国务大臣”，“内阁在众议院通过不信任案或信任案被否决时，如十日内不解散，众议院必须总辞职。”“一切司法权属于最高法院及由法律规定设置的下级法院。” 摘自1946年日本宪法 材料3 “中华人民共和国的一切权力属于人民；人民行使国家权力的机关是全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会。”“全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关。”全国人民代表大会及其常委会“行使国家立法权”。“中华人民共和国的国家机构实行民主集中制的原则。”“国家行政机关、审判机关、检察机关都由人民代表大会产生，对它负责，受它监督。” 摘自1982年中国宪法 根据上述材料回答： (1)比较材料1、2，指出美国与日本政治制度的不同点和相同点。 (2)材料1、2所体现的资产阶级国家政权组织形式的实质及其作用。 (3)比较材料3与材料1、2，指出中国政治制度与美、日政治制度的不同及其根本原因。
Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts (67) our protective blanket on (68) . Light gets through, and this is essen- tial (69) plants to make the food which we (70) . Heat, (71) , makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet rays (紫外线 ) penetrate the (72) . Cosmic ( 宇宙的) rays of various kinds come (73) the air from outer space, but (74) quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As (75) as men leave the atmosphere they are (76) to this radiation; (77) their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, (78) prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in (79) . Doses of radiation are measured in (80) called "reins (霍姆)". We all 81 radiation here on earth from the sun, from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals. The " (82) " dose of radiation that we receive each year is about 100 millirems; it (83) according to where you live, and this is a very rough estimate. Scientists have reason to think (84) a man can (85) up with far more radia- tion (86) this without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed.
Google Closes In on DoubleCliek Deal Score one for Google. The Federal Trade Commission ruled Dec. 20 that it would not block Google’s (GOOG) proposed $3. I billion acquisition of leading online ad-serving and tracking firm DoubleClick. The 4-1 decision in Google’s favor marked a major win for the Web search Goliath, which is battling to expand its considerable share of the $30 billion online advertising market beyond tiny text ads related to Web queries. But Google can’t claim victory yet. The European Union’s antitrust commission still needs to sign off on the merger before Google can begin incorporating DoubleClick into its business. That may not happen without Google agreeing to certain conditions, if at all. Already, the EU has raised concerns about its impact on consumer privacy. "This is round one of a two-round battle," says Jeff Chester, executive director of the Center for Digital Democracy (CDD), a nonprofit public interest group that opposed the merger. "The EU can kill the deal, there is no question about it." The FTC said in its decision that it could only consider privacy concerns as they relate to marketplace competition. But it did issue a separate statement with some recommendations concerning online customer data collection and privacy. The Personal Business of Ad Placement Google has faced strong opposition to its online advertising ambitions since it announced plans to acquire Double Click in April (BusinessWeek.com, 4/14/07 ). Competitors for online ad dollars, such as Microsoft (MSFT), argue the merger will enable Google to effectively control the market. Ads placed beside Web search results account for more than 40% of the dollars spent online, and Google controls more than two-thirds of that market, according to eMarketer. Much of the remaining online ad dollars go to display ads, the poster-like banners—DoubleClick’s forte—-that run on most Web sites. Online ads are priced based on how well they are matched to the target consumer. Google collects data on searches performed by individual computers, and DoubleClick records information about the computers that visit the Web pages in its network. The more data they collect, the better they can match a marketer’s ad to a potentially interested customer, and the higher the premium they can charge on the ad. But consumer groups see the issue another way: the more data collected, the higher the risk of violating someone’s privacy. For the past eight months, groups voiced concerns to the FTC that a combined Google/DoubleClick would aggregate too much information about what Web surfers do online, putting consumers at risk. In the end, the majority of the commissioners decided DoubleClick does not control enough of the display-ad market to give Google an unfair monopoly. "Competition among firms in this market is vigorous and will likely increase," the commission majority wrote in a statement. Increased Competition Recent announcements by Google’s chief competitors support this argument. On Dec. 19, Microsoft—one of the few to challenge Google’s merger before the FTC—announced a $500 million, five-year advertising deal to place ads on Viacom’s (VIA) network of popular Websites, including MTV.com. Microsoft will also be able to sell ad space on Viacom pages that are not in a premium position, based on the data it has about visitors to Viacom’s sites. Microsoft also recently solidified multiyear advertising agreements with Facebook, the second most popular social network in the U.S., after News Corp.’s (NWS) MySpace, and well-trafficked social news site Digg (BusinessWeek.com, 9/19/07 ). "When Microsoft comes into a room and talks about anticompetitive behavior and threats to privacy, no one can take them seriously," says the CDD’s Chester. It also didn’t help Google opponents that many of the company’s competitors recently struck agreements to buy ad networks themselves, similar to Google’s proposed deal with DoubleClick. Microsoft bought DoubleClick competitor a Quantive for $6 billion in May (BusinessWeek.com, 5/18/07 ). Yahoo! (YHOO) and Time Wamer’s (TWX) AOL also scooped up ad-serving and targeting firms earlier this year. Meanwhile, independent players, such as Specific Media, have secured millions in funding to consolidate their operations with other smaller ad networks (Business Week.corn, 11/1/07 ). In a statement on Google’s blog, Chief Legal Officer David Drummond applauded the ruling: "The FTC’s decision publicly affirms what we and numerous independent analysts have been saying for months, our acquisition does not threaten competition in what is a robust, innovative, and quickly evolving online advertising space." Privacy Violation But will it threaten Web users7 The final answer may rest with the European Commission. In November the commission delayed a decision on the deal (BusinessWeek.com, 11/14/07 ), saying it was more complicated than many competition cases and demanded further review. The EC has until Apr. 2 to issue a ruling. Privacy advocates worry that Google, combining its wealth of search data with the information DoubleClick collects on who visits clients’ sites, would violate consumer privacy. The sheer volume of information that DoubleClick collects would make it easy for Google to understand nearly everything about what millions of individual consumers do on the Web, critics say. Google counters that DoubleClick clients own information about who visits their sites and what they do there. Many of those clients would consider it a violation of that agreement for Google to, say, sell car ads on its Gmail service to people who have recently visited an automotive site that uses DoubleClick. As a result, Google says, it can’t simply fuse its data with DoubleClick’s customer information. However, privacy groups argue that Google could easily encourage DoubleClick clients to relinquish their data in exchange for, say, free search ads. The FTC did offer a ray of hope for privacy advocates. The commissioners issued several recommendations about behavioral targeting, where information about users’ Web activity is used to tailor online ads. The FTC said sites should clearly notify users when they’re collecting data on their actions, and that sites should limit the length of time they store that data to reduce the risk of it falling into the wrong hands. The FTC said it plans to look into whether "heightened protections" are needed to safeguard consumer privacy online. Consumer groups have the other idea about the issue, they think the risk of violating someone’s privacy is higher if______.
Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts (67) our protective blanket on (68) . Light gets through, and this is essen- tial (69) plants to make the food which we (70) . Heat, (71) , makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet rays (紫外线 ) penetrate the (72) . Cosmic ( 宇宙的) rays of various kinds come (73) the air from outer space, but (74) quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As (75) as men leave the atmosphere they are (76) to this radiation; (77) their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, (78) prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in (79) . Doses of radiation are measured in (80) called "reins (霍姆)". We all 81 radiation here on earth from the sun, from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals. The " (82) " dose of radiation that we receive each year is about 100 millirems; it (83) according to where you live, and this is a very rough estimate. Scientists have reason to think (84) a man can (85) up with far more radia- tion (86) this without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed.
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