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患者,女,32岁,劳累后心悸,气短10年,近来常有心绞痛发作,偶有晕厥,体检:心脏扩大,可闻及病理性杂音,脉压减少,拟诊主动脉瓣狭窄。 为确诊主动脉瓣狭窄,最主要的检查方法是

A. 超声心动图检查
B. 心电图检查
C. X线检查
D. 心导管检查
E. 核素心室造影

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用β-阻滞药治疗扩张型心肌病合并心力衰竭,下列用药事项中错误的是

A. 选择性β1阻滞药优于非选择性者
B. 宜从小剂量开始,以后逐步增加剂量
C. 不宜用于舒张功能不全的患者
D. 心率越快者疗效越佳
E. 伴支气管哮喘者不适合应用

患者,男,65岁,有心绞痛史10余年,2年来反复发作心动过速,1d来持续发作20h,检查:心电图为阵发性房性心动过速。采用刺激迷走神经方法无效,现应选用的治疗药物为

A. 甲氧明
B. 普罗帕酮
C. 胺碘酮
D. 利多卡因
E. 毛花苷C

Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Passage One Is it possible that the ideas we have today about ownership and property rights have been so universal in the human mind that it is truly as if they had sprung from the mind of God By no means. The idea of owning and property emerged in the mists of unrecorded history. The ancient Jews, for one, had a very different outlook on property and ownership, viewing it as something much more temporary and’ tentative than we do. The ideas we have in America about the private ownership of productive property as a natural and universal right of mankind, perhaps of divine origin, are by no means universal and must be viewed as an invention of man rather than an order of God. Of course, we are completely trained to accept the idea of ownership of the earth and its products, raw and transformed. It seems not at all strange; in fact, it is quite difficult to imagine a society without such arrangements. If someone, some individuals, didn’t own that plot of land, that house, that factory, that machine, that tower of wheat, how would we function What would the rules be Whom would we buy from and how would we sell It is important to acknowledge a significant difference between achieving ownership simply by taking or claiming property and owning what we tend to call the "fruit of labor." If I, alone or together with my family, work on the land and raise crops, or if I make something useful out of natural material, it seems reasonable and fair to claim that the crops or the objects belong to me or my family, are my property, at least in the sense that I have first claim on them. Hardly anyone would dispute that. In fact, some of the early radical workingmen’s movements made (an ownership) claim on those very grounds. As industrial organization became more complex, however, such issues became vastly more intricate. It must be clear that in modem society the social heritage of knowledge and technology and the social organization of manufacture and exchange account for far more of the productivity of industry and the value of what is produced than can be accounted for by the labor of any number of individuals. Hardly any person can now point and say, "That--that right there--is the fruit of my labor." We can say, as a society, as a nation--as a world, really--that what is produced is the fruit of our labor, the product of the whole society as a collectivity. We have to recognize that the right of private individual ownership of property is man-made and constantly dependent on the extent to which those without property believe that the owner can make his claim, dependent on the extent to which those without stick. The author thinks private ownership to be ______.

A. a necessary invention of mankind
B. an inherent right of a human being
C. a permanent arrangement for society
D. an explicit idea of some individuals

Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two ’behavior segments’ in some novel way, never actually performed before, so as to reach a goal. Two followers of Clark Hull, Howard and Tracey Kendler, (21) a test for children that was explicitly based on Clark Hull’s principles. The children were given the (22) of learning to operate a machine so as to get a toy. In order to succeed they had to go through a two-stage (23) . The children were trained on each stage (24) . The stages consisted merely of pressing the correct one of two buttons to get a marble; and of (25) the marble into a small hole to release the toy. The Kendlers found that the children could learn the separate bits readily enough. (26) the task of getting a marble by pressing the button they could get the marble; given the task of getting a toy when a marble was handed to them, they could use the marble. (All they had to do was put it in a hole.) (27) they did not for the most part ’integrate’, to use the Kendlers’ terminology. They did not press the button to get the marble and then (28) without further help to use the marble to get the toy. So the Kendlers concluded that they were incapable of deductive (29) . The mystery at first appears to deepen when we learn, from (30) psychologist, Michael Cole, and his colleagues, that adults in an African culture apparently cannot do the Kendlers’ task either. But it lessens, (31) when we learn that a task was devised which was (32) to the Kendlers’ one but much easier for the African males to handle. (33) the button-pressing machine, Cole used a locked box and two (34) colored match-boxes, one of which contained a key that would open the box. Notice that there are still two (35) segments--"open the right matchbox to get the key" and "use the key to open the box"--so the task seems formally to be (36) But psychologically it is quite different. Now the subject is dealing not with a strange machine but with familiar meaningful objects; and it is clear to him what he is meant to do. It then (37) that the difficulty of integration is greatly reduced. Recent work by Simon Hewson is of great interest here for it shows that, for young children, (38) , the difficulty lies not in the (39) processes which the task demands, but in certain perplexing features of the apparatus and the procedure. When these are changed in ways which do not at all affect the inferential nature of the problem, then five-year-old children solve the problem (40) college students did in the Kendlers’ own experiments.

A. consequence
B. sequence
C. result
D. order

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