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Cost as a Factor in SupplyIn a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his product and the products (19) his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or below the market price. However, in considering the price, be must take cost of production (20) . There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for (21) a short time. However, no business person can (22) lose money for a prolonged (延长的) period. He must (23) of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit.Many people have the impression that (24) production increases, costs per unit decrease. (25) mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production, (26) logic and practical experience have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists (27) this principle as the law of increasing costs.The reason why (28) rise as production goes up is complex. However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow, resulting (29) competitive bidding (出价) in the marketplace for the factors of production. If a producer needs (30) skilled labour to produce more, and none of this labour is unemployed, the producer will have to get (31) from other sources. This can be done by (32) higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognize that not all labour is equally productive, (33) not all land is equally fertile (肥沃的) and not all ore is equally rich in the mineral wanted. 32()

A. offering
B. cutting
C. reducing
D. having

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Cost as a Factor in SupplyIn a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his product and the products (19) his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or below the market price. However, in considering the price, be must take cost of production (20) . There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for (21) a short time. However, no business person can (22) lose money for a prolonged (延长的) period. He must (23) of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit.Many people have the impression that (24) production increases, costs per unit decrease. (25) mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production, (26) logic and practical experience have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists (27) this principle as the law of increasing costs.The reason why (28) rise as production goes up is complex. However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow, resulting (29) competitive bidding (出价) in the marketplace for the factors of production. If a producer needs (30) skilled labour to produce more, and none of this labour is unemployed, the producer will have to get (31) from other sources. This can be done by (32) higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognize that not all labour is equally productive, (33) not all land is equally fertile (肥沃的) and not all ore is equally rich in the mineral wanted. 29()

A. from
B. in
C. /
D. for

以下哪种情形违反了ⅡA的《职业道德规范》()。

A. 在一起合伙人起诉某公司诈骗的案件中,该公司内部审计师被法庭传唤,他在法庭上泄漏了机密审计信息。
B. 某办公用品制造公司的内部审计师最近完成了对公司市场部进行的审计,基于本次审计经验,周末他花费几个小时为本地一家医院提供有偿咨询,指导这家医院市场部实施类似的审计。
C. 某内部审计师在当地举办的ⅡA会议上发表了一次讲演,概括了他为某公司电子数据交换系统进行审计而设计的程序,许多该公司主要竞争者的内部审计师都参加了此次会议。
D. 在一次审计中,内部审计师了解到某公司将要推出一种能使该产业发生变革的新产品,由于新产品可能成功,该内部审计师接受了生产经理的建议,多购入了该公司股票。

下列()项任务最不可能是审计主管的主要角色。

A. 确定对追加测试的需要
B. 审核总结性的审计发现报告书
C. 甄选或批准小组成员
D. 组织和起草审计报告

《职业道德规范》定义了四条与内部审计师职业审慎有关的原则,内部审计师应该在内部审计实践中履行这种职业审慎。这些原则是()。

A. 判断、关注、权威和经验。
B. 依赖、评估、信息和服务。
C. 诚信、客观性、保密性和胜任工作的能力。
D. 信任、交流、价值观和业绩。

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