题目内容
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. There can be no question about the dangers of heroin use. What may start out innocently enough as a desire to experience a new kind of high may progress with extreme rapidity to an almost continuous type of nightmare existence. The heroin user may begin by snorting or inhaling the drug, progress to "skin popping" (injecting it beneath the skin), and end up "mainlining" it (injecting it directly into the bloodstream). If a hypodermic syringe is not available, the user may sever an artery and pour the heroin in with a spoon. Once users are "hooked", their entire lives become centered upon this white powder. They will do anything--lie, steal, cheat, even kill--to get that next fix. After a while, riley do not even experience a high; they simply need the drug to avoid the terrors of withdrawal. The habit demands more and more, and still more, of the drug. Even a highly paid corporation executive would find it difficult to support such a habit. Usually, the only way the addict can get enough money is through crime or prostitution. Thus, crime associated with heroin addiction is not a direct effect of the drug, but stems from the need to support the habit. In fact, heroin is an extremely effective depressant, which markedly reduces such motivational states as hunger and sex. How is it that this innocent-looking white powder can come to dominate the life of the abuser so completely Within the first minute of heroin injection, there is a sudden, climactic rush of feeling. This extremely pleasurable experience is followed by a "high" which is characterized by lethargy, emotional detachment, a sense of well-being, and deep feelings of contentment. To illustrate, a heroin abuser may spend hours before a TV set, watching the dancing images on the screen without becoming emotionally involved in the program content. But then comes the crushing aftermath. As the high begins to subside, so also does the sense of well-being. The euphoria of a moment ago is replaced by gnawing feelings of apprehension and anxiety. The bizarre cycle culminates in an overwhelming sense of panic as the addict begins a frantic search for tile next fix. The victims of heroin addiction are legion--the addicts themselves, their families, and those they have robbed or otherwise brutalized in their quest for the "big H". In recent years another innocent victim of heroin addiction has come to light, the newborn infant of an addicted mother. Studies of infants born to heroin-addicted mothers have found that more than two-thirds start out life as addicts. Within 96 hours of birth, most will show signs of withdrawal, including extreme irritability, tremors, and vomiting. The incidence of withdrawal symptoms in the newborn depends on how long the mother has been addicted, on the amount of heroin she has taken, and on how close to delivery she was when she took her last dose. Traces of drugs taken as little as ten minutes prior to delivery have been found in newborns. We may infer from the passage that a curious desire to experience a high produced by heroin ______.
查看答案
搜索结果不匹配？点我反馈
更多问题
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate each underlined part into Chinese. Each for its own reason, the study of residential mobility has been a concern of three disciplines: sociology, economics, and geography. For the economist, residential shifts provide a means for studying the housing and land markets. 71. Geographers study mobility to understand the spatial distributions of population types. For the sociologist, interest in residential mobility has two sources: one stemming from the study of human ecology and the other, from a concern with the peculiar qualities of urban life. Of course, there are clearly overlapping concerns and it is often difficult to discern the disciplinary origins of a researcher by soly examining the kinds of questions he or she raises about mobility although it is usually easier to identify a researcher’s discipline by nothing the methods used and the concepts employed. Urban mobility first appears in the sociological literature as a term expressing rather generalized qualities of urban, as opposed to non-urban life. 72. Some sociologists refer to the mobility of the city as the considerable sum of myriad and incessant sources of stimulation impinging upon the urban dweller, a sort of sensory overload which produces sophistication, indifference, and a lowered level of affect in urban dwellers, There is simply so much to experience that the urban dweller’s capacity is reduced to react in a a spontaneous" and "natural" way to urban existence. 73. It is mobility in this sense that produces some of the special qualities of urban life, which appeal to migrants as an escape from the dullness and oppression of rural existence with its lack of change and stimulation, and, on the other hand produces anomie (社会反常状态)and alienation in a society where men see each other primarily as means to ends rather than as ends in themselves. Of course, mobility in this larger sense of sensory overload is not a system property.
Think of all the criminals who have killed, all the soldiers who have killed; consider the mass murder of Jews in Nazi Germany. Is there something inside human beings that allows us to take part in this sort of violence, or were these people swept along by the situation Stanley Milgram, a New York psychologist, designed an experiment to find answers to this question, paying adult males four and a half dollars to act the role of "teacher" in a complicated experiment. The "teachers" were to ask questions of a "learner", a middle-aged man in another room. If the learner gave an incorrect answer, the teacher was instructed to turn a knob to send an electric current to the learner’s chair. There were thirty positions on the control knob, with the shocks ranging from 15 to 450 volts, the last position marked "Danger: Severe Shock". The teachers were told to increase the severity of the shock with each incorrect response. With the first few shocks, the learner could be heard over the intercom, grunting and moaning. When the dial reached 150, he demanded that the experiment be ended; shortly afterwards, at 180 volts, he began to complain of the pain. At 300 volts, he complained about his heart condition, screamed, and no longer responded to the questions; but the teachers who complanined about their roles in the experiment were told the experiment had to continue. According to the rules, the learner’s failure to respond was an "error", so he must be shocked. A group of psychiatrists was asked for predictions. Certainly, they said, most people would not punish the victim beyond 150 volts. Furthermore, they predicted fewer than four percent would persist up to 300 volts; only abnormal individuals--less than one tenth of a percent--would proceed to 450 volts. And, in fact, nearly every "teacher" did protest--each became concerned that he might injure the learner, and many said they could not continue to follow instructions. At 180 volts, one "teacher" said, "He’s hollering. He can’t stand it; what if anything happens to him I mean who is going to take responsibility if anything happens to that gentleman" When the experimenter said he would accept responsibility, the teacher meekly responded, "All right." Some teachers, alarmed by the silence in the next room, called out to the learner to answer so they wouldn’t have to continue shocking him. In fact, most of the teachers protested, but the important thing is that they did not disobey their instruction. Sixty-two percent of all the subjects delivered shocks all the way up to 450 volts--the average highest shock was 370 volts. Of course, the learner was not being shocked. Even his screams were tape-recorded. But this experiment and similar variations of it have been repeated several times, and the results are invariably the same: in the presence of authority, in a situation governed by rules. Personality tests given to the subjects who delivered the shocks of 450 volts show that they are not abnormal or sick in any way. They’re exactly like the rest of us. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. There can be no question about the dangers of heroin use. What may start out innocently enough as a desire to experience a new kind of high may progress with extreme rapidity to an almost continuous type of nightmare existence. The heroin user may begin by snorting or inhaling the drug, progress to "skin popping" (injecting it beneath the skin), and end up "mainlining" it (injecting it directly into the bloodstream). If a hypodermic syringe is not available, the user may sever an artery and pour the heroin in with a spoon. Once users are "hooked", their entire lives become centered upon this white powder. They will do anything--lie, steal, cheat, even kill--to get that next fix. After a while, riley do not even experience a high; they simply need the drug to avoid the terrors of withdrawal. The habit demands more and more, and still more, of the drug. Even a highly paid corporation executive would find it difficult to support such a habit. Usually, the only way the addict can get enough money is through crime or prostitution. Thus, crime associated with heroin addiction is not a direct effect of the drug, but stems from the need to support the habit. In fact, heroin is an extremely effective depressant, which markedly reduces such motivational states as hunger and sex. How is it that this innocent-looking white powder can come to dominate the life of the abuser so completely Within the first minute of heroin injection, there is a sudden, climactic rush of feeling. This extremely pleasurable experience is followed by a "high" which is characterized by lethargy, emotional detachment, a sense of well-being, and deep feelings of contentment. To illustrate, a heroin abuser may spend hours before a TV set, watching the dancing images on the screen without becoming emotionally involved in the program content. But then comes the crushing aftermath. As the high begins to subside, so also does the sense of well-being. The euphoria of a moment ago is replaced by gnawing feelings of apprehension and anxiety. The bizarre cycle culminates in an overwhelming sense of panic as the addict begins a frantic search for tile next fix. The victims of heroin addiction are legion--the addicts themselves, their families, and those they have robbed or otherwise brutalized in their quest for the "big H". In recent years another innocent victim of heroin addiction has come to light, the newborn infant of an addicted mother. Studies of infants born to heroin-addicted mothers have found that more than two-thirds start out life as addicts. Within 96 hours of birth, most will show signs of withdrawal, including extreme irritability, tremors, and vomiting. The incidence of withdrawal symptoms in the newborn depends on how long the mother has been addicted, on the amount of heroin she has taken, and on how close to delivery she was when she took her last dose. Traces of drugs taken as little as ten minutes prior to delivery have been found in newborns. The word "hooked" in paragraph 2 most probably means ______.
A Few years ago, I was asked to answer this question on a radio program, "What is the biggest lesson you have ever learned" That was easy: by far the most (36) lesson I have ever learned is the importance of what we think.Our (37) make us what we are. Emerson said, "A man is what he thinks about all day long." How could he (38) be anything else I now know with a (39) that the biggest problem you and I have to deal with is choosing the right thoughts. If we can do that, we will be on the way to (40) all our problems. The great philosopher who (41) the Roman Empire, Marcus Aurelius, summed it up in eight words--eight words that can determine your (42) : "Our life is what our thoughts make it." Yes, if we think happy thoughts, we will be happy. If we think (43) thoughts, we will be miserable. If we think sickly thoughts, we will probably be ill. If we think failure, we will certainly fail. "You are not," said Norman Vincent Peale, " (44) ." Am I advocating a habitual Pollyanna attitude toward all our problems No, unfortunately, life isn’t so simple as all that. But I am advocating that (45) . In other words, we need to be concerned about our problems, but not worried. What is the difference between concern and worry Let me illustrate. Every time I cross the traffic-jammed streets of New York, I am concerned about what I am doing--but not worried. (46) .
微信支付 
支付宝支付