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______(就个人能力而言), he is competent for the work.
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The current view of child language development is that it is an instinct. This language instinct is innate. But this prevailing view has not always enjoyed widespread acceptance. In the middle of last century, experts of the time think that "habits" developed as young children were rewarded for repeating language correctly and ignored or punished when they used incorrect forms of language. Over time, a child would learn language much like a dog might learn to behave properly through training. Even though the modern view holds that language is instinctive, Assistant Professor Eliot are convinced that the interaction a child has with his parents and caregivers is crucial to its development. The language of the parents and caregivers acts as models for the developing child. Given that the models parents provide are so important, it is interesting to consider the role of "baby talk" in the child’s language development. Baby talk is the language produced by an adult speaker who is trying to exaggerate certain aspects of the language to capture the attention of a young baby. Dr. Golinkoff believes that babies benefit from baby talk. When using baby talk, people exaggerate their facial expressions, which help the baby to begin to understand what is being communicated. She also notes that the exaggerated nature and repetition of baby talk helps infants to learn the differences between sounds. Professor Jusczyk has made a particular study of babies’ ability to recognize sounds. A baby will listen longer to the sounds that occur frequently. An experiment at John Hopkins University, in which researchers went to the homes of 16 nine-month-olds, confirms this view. The researchers arranged their visits for ten days out of a two-week period. During each visit the researcher played an audio tape that included the same three stories. The stories included odd words such as "python" or "hornbill", which were unlikely to be encountered in the babies’ everyday experience. After a couple of weeks, during which nothing was done, the babies listened to two recorded lists of words. The first list included words heard in the story. The second included similar words, but not the exact that were used in the stories. Jusczyk found the babies listened longer to the words that had appeared in the stories, which indicated that the babies had extracted individual words from the story. When a control group of 16 nine-month-olds, who had not heard the stories, listened to the two groups of words, they showed no preference for either list. This does not mean that the babies actually understand the meanings of the words, just the sound pattern. It supports the idea that people have the capacity to learn language since their birth. This ability is enhanced if they are involved in conversation. And significantly, Dr. Eliot reminds parents that babies and toddlers need to feel they are communicating. Clearly, sitting in front of the television is not enough. According to experts, in the middle of last century, ______.
1.杰里(Jerry)对日光浴和游泳已经感到厌倦。他想潜入海底去看看，想同其他孩子一起玩。但是，他又觉得他不应该撇下他寡居的母亲。母亲对儿子也是体贴入微，既想让他呆在比较安全的海滩，身边有她照应，又惟恐儿子感到母亲想把他留在身边，对儿子有占有欲。儿子已经11岁了，她应该给他自由，让他去他喜欢去的地方。没有她，他也能自己照顾自己。当杰里游到远处时，他不断地回头看，看他母亲是否还在沙滩上。 2．很多人都认为美国的教育在世界上是一流的，但作者却有自己独特的看法，认为美国的教育存在严重的问题。美国教育质量差并不是因为教师的水平低，教师是认真负责的，问题在于他们教书太死板，不敢超出初级读本半步，生怕丢了饭碗，这样就培养不出来怪才。美国教育另外，一个严重问题是不教孩子如何尊重和继承人类的文化遗产。作者这里讲的是初等教育情况，中等教育和高等教育的情况是否也是这样呢
Agriculture is undoubtedly the most important sector in the economies of most non-oil exporting African countries. It (62) about 30% of Africa’s GDP and contributes (63) 50% of the total export value, (64) 70% of the continent’s population depending on the sector for their (65) . Production is subsistence in nature with a high (66) on the rain. The debate on climate change and its impacts on agriculture is (67) very crucial to the very survival of the continent and its people. The continent is particularly (68) to climate change because it includes some of the world’s poorest nations. The climate in Africa is (69) tropical in nature, which is broadly (70) into three main climatic zones: (71) equatorial, dry, and temperate(温带). Within these zones, altitude and other localized (72) also produce distinctive regional climates. Climate change, (73) indicated by prolonged drought is one of the most serious climatic (74) affecting the agricultural sector of the continent. As most of the agriculture activities in African countries hinges on rain fed, any adverse changes in the climate would likely have a (75) effect on the sector in the region. (76) changes in the climate may affect the whole continent, its (77) may vary across the continent. In northeast Africa, more intense dry periods and shorter wet seasons are expected to affect even huge river systems such as the Blue Nile, leading to serious water shortages and (78) consequences to the agriculture and forestry sectors throughout the region. East and Central Africa will also see its agricultural (79) decline. Coastal areas may also be affected by rising sea levels and intrusion of salt water into inland freshwater resources. The staple food for the region, maize, is particularly susceptible to drought. Wetlands of international importance and wildlife are also under threat from (80) in Southern Africa. Climate change, therefore, is expected to worsen the food supply, (81) , exacerbate the widespread poverty in the region.
Just as the Corporate cowboys of the 1970s destroyed the reputation of the corporations they headed, and engaged in grand scale self indulgence at corporate expense, now Australia is in the era of the campus cowboy (and female counterpart). They too overstate the performance of their product and corporation, and indulge in grand scale self indulgence, despite their claims of academic excellence and projecting a holier ’than holy image. Academics are put under various pressures to drop the standard of university education so that more students are retained through to graduation, thereby maximizing the revenue collected by governments of both persuasions and the more revenue handed back to the universities to fund the outrageous perquisites of senior management at those institutions. Australian universities artificially boost student numbers by accepting many Australians who should not be allowed within 100 kilometers of a university on the grounds of their intellectual rigor and/or lack of diligence and by actively recruiting full fee paying overseas students. Despite increased HECS fees, lecturers have been instructed to neglect their teaching in favor of research which generates further university revenue. Both tactics by Australian universities have resulted in a dumbing down of Australian tertiary (高等的) education. Sure the courses look good on paper, but how they are administered results in the massive abandonment of educational standards. For example, in some cases, students can pass a subject having scored only 30% on the final exam. In some instances, the English of the overseas students is limited and lecturers have trouble understanding what students are trying to say. They are under pressure to pass the student in order to retain them as cash cows. Lecturers are under so much pressure from their university managers that they employ tactics such as giving the students the exam questions and answers before the exam giving ’mock’ exams and answers that are the same as the ’real’ exam and setting only the simplest of questions (which are similar to questions students have already done in tutorials. Why aren’t various parties doing something about the situation Students don’t complain because they get their qualification and higher grades with less work. Lecturers complain but bow to the pressure imposed on them because they have mortgages to pay, families to feed and a career investment in tertiary education. Universities win because lower standards and easier success means more students will come back to do higher degrees—a win-win situation Professions which employ large groups of graduates don’t complain because the system produces more ’qualified’ graduates for employers to choose from, thus forcing down salaries and generating more revenue for the profession’s administrators from increased numbers of people undertaking postgraduate professional exams necessary for admittance to the relevant profession. What should graduates usually do to get into professions relative to his major
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