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Passage One
Long time ago, the ancient people could not travel to any far away places for they had no vehicle to carry them across the wide oceans, deep valleys, long rivers or high mountains.
Nowadays people take advantage of steamships, trains, airplanes and modern bridges. Airplanes can carry us to the far countries in a short time; steamships can travel across the wide oceans. It is convenient to the modern people.
Travelling is a good idea to us because we can get more knowledge, such as the customs, the geography of other countries. And people could travel among the different countries in the world. For it is easy to travel from the land by trains, or from the sea by ships.
We learnt that the Italian who made the world large was Mr. Columbus. He was a brave man. Up to the middle of the 15th century, the people were afraid of traveling because they believed it was a dangerous thing.
There is a saying in China, which is "Travelling for thousands is better than reading for ten years." It is to say that we can learn more in different places than we can learn from books.
36. The people in ancient times couldn't travel too far away places because______.
Passage Three
Nine-year-old Louis Pasteur rushed into the little house, his face white.
"Mother!" he cried, "A mad dog has bitten my friend Henry, and now they are burning him with red-hot irons. It's terrible!"
"Rabies(狂犬病), Louis. Burning the bites is the only hope of stopping Henry from catching the disease."
Henry did get rabies and died, in great pain, some days later. Louis Pasteur never forgot that. "One day," he thought, "I must do something to help people like Henry."
Sixteen years later Pasteur became a Doctor of Science. Arid he began making important discoveries in his special field.
Pasteur achieved great success in his life. But during the years of research he lost the use of his left arm and leg. Yet he worked on and on, as hard as ever, as he was eager to find a way for curing rabies. He never forgot his friend Henry.
After many dangerous experiments on mad dogs, he finally found the answer. Just then a boy who had been badly bitten by a mad dog arrived at his lab. A few days after Pasteur's treatment the boy got better. He did not catch rabies.
The discovery gave new hope to people in many countries. People sent money to help build the Pasteur Institute in Paris. Today it is one the world's most famous centers for research.
44. Pasteur became a Doctor of Science. Doctor of science here means______.
Passage Four
The atmosphere and oceans are not the only parts of the environment being damaged. Rain forests are being quickly destroyed as well, and their survival is questionable. E. O. Wilson, a biologist at Harvard, calls the depletion(枯竭、耗尽)of rain forest areas "the greatest extinction since the end of the age of dinosaurs(恐龙)."
Unlike some environmental issues, rain forests' depletion has fortunately received significant public and media's attention. Despite the opposition to the cutting down of rain forests, the problem continues. Every year, Brazil chops down an area of forests the size of the state of Nebraska. In addition to the Amazon's rain forests, many other forests are being cut down as well.: In Indonesia, Zaire, Papua-new Guinea, Malaysia, Burme, the Philippines, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, and Venezuela, rain forests that were once great have been lost.
According to some estimates, 50 million acres of rain forest are cut down every year. The United Nations says the figure is closer to 17 million acres. The World Wildlife Fund says that every minute,25 to 50 acres are cut down or burnt to the ground.
The world's growing population has been a primary reason of rain forests' destruction. More people need land to live on and wood products to consume. Limiting population growth may be the first in a series of steps that would alleviate the destruction of the rain forests.
48. In the opinion of the author, ______are being destroyed terribly at present.
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