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Calfing for Safe Celebrations
Last Fourth of July, Pete, a 14-year-old boy, was enjoying the lit-up skies and loud booms from the fireworks (烟花) being set off in his neighborhood. Suddenly, the evening took a terrible turn. A bottle rocket shot into his eye, immediately causing him terrible pain. His family rushed him to the emergency room for treatment. As a result of the injury, Pete developed glaucoma (青光眼) and cataracts (白内障). Today, Pete has permanent vision loss in his injured eye because of his bottle rocket injury.
June is Fireworks Eye Safety Awareness Month, and through its EyeSmart campaign, the American Academy of Ophthalmology (眼科学) wants to remind consumers to leave fireworks to professionals (专业人员). "There is nothing worse than a Fourth of July celebration ruined by someone being hit in the eye with a bottle rocket," said Dr John C. Hagan, clinical correspondent for the Academy and an ophthalmologist at Discover Vision Centers in Kansas City. "A safe celebration means letting trained professionals handle fireworks while you enjoy the show."
According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, more than 9,000 fireworks-related injuries happen each year. Of these, nearly-half are head-related injuries, with nearly 30 percent of these injuries to the eye. One-fourth of fireworks eye injuries result in permanent vision loss or blindness. Children are the most common victims of firework abuse (伤害), with those fifteen years old or younger accounting for 50 percent of fireworks eye injuries in the United States. Dr Hagan estimates that his practice sees more than 30 injuries each year from fireworks.
Even fireworks that many people consider safe represent a threat to the eyes. For children under the age of five, apparently harmless sparklers (花炮) account for one-third of all fireworks injuries. Sparklers can bum at nearly 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏).
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Diabetes (糖尿病) and Eye Damage
Over 2 million Canadians have diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age. Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin (胰岛素) or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose (葡萄糖), a simple sugar, into the body&39;s cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose, which is used by the cells as a source of energy. If insulin isn&39;t available or doesn&39;t work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells, glucose will stay in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels.
High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, including the tiny blood vessels in the eye. This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy (糖尿病型视网膜病). The retina (视网膜) is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals, With diabetic retinopathy, some blood vessels in the retina are lost, and some of the other blood vessels begin to "leak" blood. This causes the retina to swell and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients (滋养物). Eventually, the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones. Unfortunately, these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones. They are more likely to break, causing bleeding in the eye.
At first, people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms. As the disease gets worse, they may notice blurred (模糊的) vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on, it can progress to blindness.
Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy, andthe risk increases the longer you&39;ve had diabetes.
Fortunately, you can reduce your risk if you do not have diabetes, but think you may be at risk for this condition. Visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes. If you do have diabetes: have frequent eye check-ups.
Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as
recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage. If you have high blood pressure, follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control. If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure, or whether your blood pressure is under control, discuss this with your doctor.
Glucose cannot be turned into energy in the body__________. 查看材料
Which of the following is not a landmark？ 查看材料
Women are more likely to use __________. 查看材料
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Two People, Two Paths
You must be familiar with the situation: Dad&39;s driving, Mum&39;s telling him where to go. He&39;s sure that they need to turn left, but she says it&39;s not for another two blocks. Who has the better sense of direction？ Men or women？
They both do,a new study says. But in different ways.
Men and women, Canadian researchers have found, have different methods of finding their way. Men look quickly at landmarks (地标) and head off in what they think is the right direction.Women, however, try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head.
"Women tend to be more detailed," said Edward Cornell, who led the study. "While men tend to be a little bit faster and.., a little bit more intuitive (直觉感知的). "
In fact, said Cornell, "sense of direction" isn&39;t one skill but two. "
The first is the "survey method". This is when you see an area from above, such as a printed map. You can see, for example, where the hospital is, where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right.
The second skill is the "route method". This is when you use a series of directions. You start from the hospital, then turn left, turn right, go uphill-- and then you see the supermarket.
Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions.
Both work and neither is better. Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history, they argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles.
In ancient times, young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt.. The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places. The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks--the mountains, the lakes and so on.
The women, on the other hand, took young girls out to find fruits and plants. These activities were much closer to home but required learning well--used paths. So, women&39;s sense of space was based on learning certain routes.
When finding his way Dad tends to rely on __________. 查看材料
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