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Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is (36) to make people able to enlarge and (37) their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they (38) in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new (39) developments, seek better self-understanding, or develop new talents and skills. This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper (40) through the use of libraries, correspondence course, or broadcasting. It may also be (41) collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs and professional (42) . Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great (43) and social changes were taking place: (44) . These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults. (45) . For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. (46) .
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Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. China is casting such a huge shadow on the United States that many Americans are trying hard to learn the Chinese language with an effort to keep their competitive edge. "Interest in learning Chinese among American youth and their parents has grown (47) in the past five years," said Vivien Stewart, vice president at the Asia Society, a US group trying to bridge the (48) between Americans and the peoples of Asia and the Pacific. China’s rapid progress is driving the interest to (49) the language, experts say. "The Chinese rich cultural traditions and (50) economy mean that it is now essential for all of our students to be better prepared to engage them and seize opportunities together," said Michael Levine, Asia Society’s executive director of education. A 2004 College Board survey found that 2400 high schools--an (51) number--would be interested in (52) the Advanced Placement (AP) courses in Chinese language and culture when the courses become available in 2005. China, the world’s most populous (人口稠密的) nation, is (53) to the United States because it is a leading trader, consumer and investor. It has (54) the United States as the world’s largest consumer and could become the second largest economy in the world, in the next two to three decades. Even though the US State Department has regarded the Chinese language extremely important to national prosperity , the " (55) conditions to support recruitment of students and teachers as well as the growth of high quality programs are (56) inadequate, an Asia Society study says.A) thrivingB) automaticallyC) dramaticallyD) importantE) regainedF) replacedG) pursueH) requestI) incredibleJ) efficient K) gap L) scarcely M) current N) offering O) discouragingly
The Sixth Sense When you were a child, did you ever wonder how your mother knew when you were writing on the wall with crayons (蜡笔), even though she couldn’t possibly see or hear you ... Or why she always came outside and called you just as you headed for forbidden territory How did she know If you asked her, she probably told you that it was her "mother’s intuition". That never really explained anything, but it gave you something to think about. Just exactly what is a mother’s intuition Unfortunately, not even mothers who profess to having it can explain exactly what it is. Some would say it was a "sixth sense" or a funny feeling that prompted them to check on their children’s whereabouts and activities. Others have claimed to hear a voice inside their heads that called their children’s names or had a "flash vision" of what their children were doing. In any event, almost every mother seems to have it and will swear by its reliability. A typical example of this ability is the case of a woman who claims that her intuition prevented each of her five children from serious mishaps. Once she awoke in the middle of the night and felt the need to check on her son Paul, who was three years old at the time. He wasn’t in his bed, so she raced down the stairs to fend him. She found him outside, sleepwalking, headed straight toward a flight of concrete steps. Then again, there was a time when one of her daughters fell off a horse and broke her arm. The child neither cried nor yelled for help. But the mother, sensing that something was wrong, came out of the house and found her in a field just minutes after the accident. How did she know "Just a feeling," she said, "that something was wrong. " The concept that people are capable of having a sixth sense is not a new one. Numerous studies of ESP ( extra sensory perception ) have been under way for decades. What they have revealed only supports the theory that people are capable of having and using another sense beyond sight, sound, smell, taste and touch. But no single group of people seems to have this ability as consistently as mothers do. Why is this Some theorize that the close and intimate relationship that mother and child have for the first years of a child’s life sets up an empathy (感情移入) that no other relationship could possibly duplicate. In other words, a mother "tunes in" to the thoughts and behavior of her child more than any other person could. Therefore, even though she may be preoccupied with household chores or social activities, a part of her is constantly alert for her child’s safety. Not an unreasonable theory--since most of us are the product of our mothers’ devotion. But how does this explain why a mother will know that her child is in danger, even though the child itself may not be aware of it This is the question which has kept mother’s intuition a mystery. Something beyond that which we can logically explain somehow seems to warn a mother when her child approaches danger. An interesting illustration of this sixth sense involves the famous escape artist, Houdini. As the story goes, Houdini was planning to perform an escape from a steel trunk wrapped in chains and dropped into a frozen river. Because the river was so cold, he’d only have a few minutes to escape in order to survive. They wrapped Houdini in a straight jacket, locked him into the trunk, secured the chains, and then dropped him into the river through a hole cut into the ice. Minutes passed and Houdini did not appear. When enough time had passed to make it apparent that Houdini’s escape had failed, the grief-stricken party left the scene and reported that Houdini had died. One friend remained at the hole in the ice, not yet convinced that Houdini had drowned. To his utter amazement, Houdini did indeed surface at the spot. When the half-frozen artist had recovered enough, he told his friend that he had not accounted for the current of the river under the ice. The river had carried the trunk downstream and when he got out of the trunk, he couldn’t find the hole cut into the ice. He managed to get oxygen from air pockets caught between the ice and the water, but he had no way of finding the hole through the thick ice. Then he heard his mother’s voice calling him. He followed her voice, and it led him to the hole in the ice where his friend was waiting. This was amazing, first, because his mother lived in another city and was nowhere near the scene of the frozen river. But more amazing than that was the fact that, when Houdini tried to call his mother, he was informed that she had died just hours before. What had told Houdini’s mother that he was in danger--even beyond the grave How had she been able to protect her child in spite of the fact that she was no longer living Someday, perhaps, we will know. Someday we may understand the kind of communication that exists between mother and child and be able to expand on that knowledge to a better form of communication in all relationships. There is no doubt that such a thing as a mother’s intuition exists. And the fact of its existence may be an indication that all of us are capable of having another instinct--a sixth sense. It remains unanswered what ______ is.
Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed (67) over the centuries. During the 1950’s and 1960’s especially, increased attention has been (68) to defining and describing the reading process. Although specialists agree that reading (69) a complex organization of higher mental (70) , they disagree on the exact nature of the (71) Some experts, who regard language (72) as a code using symbols to represent sounds, (73) reading as simply the decoding of symbols into the sounds they stand (74) . These authorities (75) that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is inexplicably (无法解释地) (76) to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without (77) their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, (78) some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who (79) reads. Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its (80) . By some expert they would not be (81) as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most (82) and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to (83) the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various (84) , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do (85) widely and enthusiastically. In short reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols (86) sounds and ideas.
【案例1】背景材料：某一桥梁构件厂，分包一批预制预应力混凝土T形梁的任务，其梁长为30m，共需要200片。分包单位负责梁的运输与施工现场梁的安装工作。在总包单位对分包单位考察时发现，该构件厂对于预应力设备与仪表管理中规定：施加预应力所用的机具设备及仪表应由专人使用管理，并应定期维护和校验，校验应在经主管部门授权的法定计量技术机构定期进行。在预应力混凝土梁张拉前规定：张拉前必须具备经批准的张拉程序和现场施工说明书。问题：1．这些规定是否全面还需补充哪些内容？2．总包与分包各自的安全责任是什么？
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