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请结合本章内容分析如下案例: 一位教师在讲授《植物的果实》一课时,课前曾布置作业,要求学生把自己认为是果实的带到教室里来。学生带来的有梨、苹果、香蕉、花生、核桃、葵花籽、胡萝卜等。上课一开始,学生就对胡萝卜是不是果实,进行了激烈的争论,双方谁也说服不了谁,气氛异常活跃。教师因势利导地指出:“当你对一个事物拿不准的时候,你就拿一个和它相类似的东西和它比较,看它们有哪些相同哪些不同答案就很容易找出了。”他拿起一个苹果和一个梨,问道:“它们有哪些地方相同为什么它们是果实呢” “都能吃。”一个学生回答。 “能吃,对。但不一定所有的果实都能吃。”教师说。 “都是树上长的。”又有一个同学说。 “苹果和梨都是树上长的,但不是所有的果实都长在树上,花草也有果实。”教师说。 “都是开完花结的果。”又有一个同学说,教师立即加以肯定。 “都有核儿。”——一个学生猛然想起,脱口而出。 “是吗那就要观察它们的构造了。”教师说:“好,切开来研究研究。” 切开后,教师问:“那核儿是什么知道吗”“是种子。”同学们回答。 教师说:“它的内部构造都有种子,种子是繁殖后代的,那么种子以外这一大部分叫什么呢” “叫果肉。”一个同学答。 这时,教师总结:“对,平常我们叫它果肉,最外面一层叫皮,但科学的叫法,把种子以外的都叫果皮。我们都知道开花结果,果实都有两部分,就是果皮和种子。是不是果实,主要看里面有没有种子。”又问:“胡萝卜里面有没有种子呀” “没有种子,不是果实。”学生回答。 试阐述以上这个案例运用了中小学常用的哪种教学方法这种教学方法的基本内涵是什么它对于教师有哪些基本的要求

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Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer. (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1-5 To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye- on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase. This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction--the firm and the customer—and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled! The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, ______.

A. the practice of turning goods into money
B. making goods available for purchase
C. the customer-centred approach
D. a form of persuasive salesmanship

Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. “It’s iniquitous,” they say, “that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods After all, it’s the consumer who pays...” The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of the ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement. Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway bylaws while waiting for a train Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thing we mustn’t forget is the “small ads” which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the “hatch, match and dispatch” column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or “agony” column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is! he passage is_______ .

A. Narration
B. Description
Criticism
D. Argumentation

Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer. (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1-5 To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye- on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase. This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction--the firm and the customer—and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled! According to the passage, "to move as much of these goods as possible" (Lines 3-4, Para. 1) means "______".

A. to sell the largest possible amount of goods
B. to transport goods as efficiently as possible
C. to dispose of these goods in large quantities
D. to redesign these goods for large-scale production

Question 23-26

A. Students from America.
B. Students from England.
C. Students from Australia.
D. Students from Japan.

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