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Questions 8 to 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news. According to the news, we can know that______.
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Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as "solitary" and "individual theorists" were in reality connected to a movement—utopian socialism—which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism. The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’ energy. Hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians’ appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited. Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Shnonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia. Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life. Which is the main idea of the passage
案主小强今年15岁，正读初中三年级，个性倔强，学习成绩在班级中处于中下等水平。小龙的父母早在他3岁时就已离婚，小龙跟随父亲生活。几年后，父亲再婚，继母与小龙的关系一直不好，对小龙基本上是不闻不问。父亲经营着一家小饭店，整天只顾忙着饭店的生意，对小龙的生活和学习也很少关心。现在，读初三的小龙面临着升学的选择：父亲一心要让小龙读高中、上大学，以圆自己未能实现的读书梦想；小龙则觉得自己学习成绩不佳，在家庭生活中也感到比较压抑，想报考职校，早日参加工作开始独立生活。为此，小龙和父亲发生了矛盾。 问题： 1．在上述案例中，小龙目前面临的主要困境是什么 2．针对小龙目前的困境，社会工作者应采取什么样的介入策略
案主王女士，45岁，初中文化程度，有一个孩子正在读高中。五年前王女士和丈夫双双下岗，全家人靠政府发放的低保金生活，家庭生活一下子变得窘迫起来。尽管王女士在生活上精打细算，节衣缩食，但也只能勉强维持生计。在生活的巨大压力下，王女士失去了笑容，整日愁眉不展。她也曾经尝试着去人才市场寻找工作，可是年龄和学历却使她一次又一次地碰壁。居委会也曾经为王女士介绍过家政服务员、小区保洁工等工作，可是王女士认为这些工作都是外地人干的活，作为一个土生土长的上海人，总得找一些稍微体面些而且报酬比较高的工作才行，因此她婉言拒绝了居委会的热心相助。可她一下子又找不到合适的工作，只好一直呆在家中，间或做些零工。几年来，贫困和生活的压力使她越来越自卑，同时也越来越绝望，看不到未来生活的希望，不知道往后的日子该怎么过。 问题： 1．在上述案例中，王女士目前面临的主要困境有哪些 2．针对王女士目前的困境，社会工作者应采取什么样的介入策略
Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given]0 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. What did Mrs. Bruce think of the suffragettes’ efforts
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