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SECTION A In this section you will hear a mini. lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper fornote-taking. Now listen to the mini. lecture. Humanities DisciplinesIn many people’s eyes, the humanities disciplines seem to be dying out.However, actually, students continue to enroll in humanities courses andlots of scholarship is still published. The humanities disciplines feeldislocated, because they appear to have lost their (1)______. (1) ______And the most important one is exactly what those roots were.The history of higher education in the United States since (2)______ can (2) ______be divided into 2 periods.Ⅰ. The first period (1945—1975): A period of (3)______and known in the literature on American (3) ______education as the Golden Age, during which the composition of the highereducation system changed not too much, but the size of the system(4)______ dramatically. (4) ______ This expansion includes three factors: 1) The baby boom: a period of record (5)______that followed a period of (5) ______record low blah rates—the (6)______and the Second World War; (6) ______ 2) The relatively high domestic economic growth rate after (7)______; (7) ______ 3) The Cold War: American university had been drawn into the business ofgovernment-related (8)______research during the Second World War. (8) ______IL The second period (1975—present) A period of (9)______, during which the size of the system has grown at a much (9) ______more (10)______pace, and the composition has changed dramatically. (10) ______
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单相桥式整流电路，接正常负载，已知变压器次级电压u2=28.2sin（ωt）V，则输出电压平均值Uo约为（）
TEXT D A scientist In today’s society we are now seeing more children under the age of twelve developing eating disorders. It is estimated that 40% of nine year olds have already dieted and we axe beginning to see four and five year olds expressing the need to diet. It’s a shame that children so young are being robbed of their childhoods. Why is it that so many young children are becoming obsessed with dieting and their weight I feel the family environment has a lot to do with it, along with the fact that children are constantly being exposed to the message society gives about the importance of being thin. Children raised in a dysfunctional family are at a higher risk for developing an eating disorder. In a home where physical or sexual abuse is taking place, the child may turn to an eating disorder to gain a sense of control. If they can’ t control what is happening to their bodies during the abuse, they can control their food intake or their weight. Self imposed starvation may also be their way of trying to disappear so they no longer have to suffer through the abuse. Children may also develop eating disorders as a way of dealing with the many emotions that they feel, especially if they are raised in a home that does not allow feelings to be expressed. Children who are compulsive eaters axe usually using food to help them deal with feelings of anger, sadness, hurt, loneliness, abandonment, fear and pain. If children are not allowed to express their emotions, they may become emotional eaters. Also, if parents are too involved in their own problems, the child may turn to food for comfort. Children are at a risk for developing an eating disorder if the parents themselves are too preoccupied with appearance and weight. If the parents are constantly dieting and expressing dislike towards their own bodies,the child will receive the message that appearance is very important. In some families the parents mistake baby fat for actual fat and may try to impose a diet on the child. Not only is that not right, it’s cruel. As parents you need to set a good example for your children, which means that you yourself should be involved in healthy eating patterns. Another thing to remember about children is that they eat when they are hungry and they stop when they are full. Never force a child to eat if they don’t want to. Too many families still force children to remain at the table until they have eaten everything on their plate. Doing that could cause the child to hate meal times and develop an unhealthy attitude towards food. Exercise is also an important part of everyone’s life and we need to help our children become involved in physical activity, which means the parents themselves should participate in healthy exercise. Help the child to find activities they enjoy, and activities the whole family can enjoy. They should be taught that physical activity is important in maintaining a strong and healthy body, but they should not be given the message that exercise is important in maintaining a slim figure. When the children are doing body exercises, the parents should NOT______.
As we know, women’s social status have been improved. But they can’t eliminate all the discriminations. You are asked to write an article to explain what caused women’s liberation and what problems are still around. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the seeond part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
TEXT C Growing concerns over the safety and efficacy of anti-depressant drugs prescribed to children have caught the eye of Congress and the New York state attorney general. Now they’re becoming the catalyst for calls to reform the way clinical trials of all drugs are reported. Pressure is already causing some changes within the pharmaceutical industry. And it has put the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which approves new drugs, in the hot seat. If reforms are carried out, they could bring an unprecedented level of transparency to drug research. The solution now under consideration: a public database, or registry, of drug trials, where companies would post the results of those trials. In congressional testimony Thursday, a spokesman for the American Medical Association endorsed the registry and said it should include information on each trial’s purpose and objective, its design, and the dates it begins and ends. If the trial is not completed, the registry should include an explanation. While drug companies have been eager to make public any positive results of their trials, recent revelations suggest they’ve balked at divulging tests when the results are not what they’d hoped to see. The furor has centered around the use of anti- depressants on children. The industry has begun to make some moves to address the concerns about drug trials. Drug companies have agreed to set up a voluntary system of posting their drug trials on the Internet. But that seems unlikely to satisfy some members of Congress, who are expected to ! ntroduce legislation to establish a mandatory drug registry. Last week, editors of a dozen influential medical journals announced that they would begin requiring drug companies to post a drug trial in a public database prior to accepting an article about it. Doctors rely on these articles to make treatment choices. The editors hope that the registry will force unfavorable drug studies, before kept secret, into the open. Medical journals already had been tightening up on the authorship of their articles, insisting that authors declare if they had any conflicts of interest, such as any financial or other ties to the drug company, says Daniel Callahan, a director at the Hastings Center, a nonprofit bioethics research institute in Garrison, N.Y. Information from previously undisclosed clinical trials could lower prices, reduce the number of badly designed trials, and help doctors considering the use of a drug for a non-approved purpose to know why it hash’ t been approved for that use. Antidepressant drugs "have some serious side effects ... that seem to be much more common than people realize.., much more common than you might think from seeing drug ads and from reports on drug studies," says Joel Gurin, executive vice president of Consumer Reports. His magazine just finished a survey of readers showing a "dramatic shift from talk therapy to drug therapy for mental health problems" during thepast decade. In 1995, less than half of people getting mental health treatment —40 percent- got drug therapy. Today 68 percent receive drug treatment, Mr. Gurin says. Some studies coming to light show that antidepressants work no better than placebos. Even better than merely registering drug trials, Caplan (director of the Center for Bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia) suggests, would be to require that a new drug not only be "safe and do what it’ s sup- posed to do", but that it do it as well or better than other drugs already on the market. That, he says, would help push research into new areas and save money. Who is willingly to introduce the registry of drug trials
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