题目内容
The Romans built great "aqueducts" to carry fresh water from the mountains to the cities. Many of these aqueducts are still standing today. The Romans also built great pipes under the ground to carry away the sewage. In Rome, one of these sewage pipes(sewers) is still used today; it is 2000 years old. The Roman Emperors even set up government health service. They built the first great public hospitals in Europe, and they paid doctors to look after poor people. Then the Roman Empire fell to pieces, these civilized methods of treatment disappeared from most of Europe, for more than a thousand years. People went back to the old ways. They lived in dirty conditions which helped to cause diseases; and they asked God to cure the diseases. They shut up mentally sick people in prisons. Or they burnt them alive because they were supposed to have magic(有魔力的) powers. But the work of the Greek and Roman doctors was not lost. Over a thousand years ago, the Arabs moved into many of the Mediterranean countries. They took big parts of the old Roman lands. They translated the Greek and Roman medical books into Arabic. Arab doctors themselves made many new discoveries. When civilization at last came back to Europe, men once again translated the Greek and Roman works on medicine into Latin. Slowly—very slowly—European doctors discovered again the things that the Greeks and Romans had known so long ago. Slowly, they began to make new discoveries. They found out more about the way the body works—the way our blood goes round our bodies, the way our nerves send messages from our brains to our muscles, the way these muscles move our bodies. "People went back to the old ways" means ______.
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Pablo Ruiz Picasso was the favourite child of his family. He was the only boy among a great many girl cousins. That was enough to make him important, but his father loved him especially, because he knew his son was going to be an artist. Pablo knew the word for pencil even before he could say Mamma and Papa. When he was small he spent hours by himself making delightful little drawings of animals and people. If his mother sent him out to play in the square, he went on drawing in the dust under the trees. One of his favourite models was his younger sister, Lola. Don Jose Ruiz, Pablo’s father, was director of the museum at Malaga in southern Spain. He earned only a small salary, but there was not much work to do and he was able to practise his hobby, which was painting pigeons. Don Jose loved pigeons very much. He painted them dead or alive in ones and two and in dozens. Sometimes he painted them on paper, cut them out and stuck them on to canvas(油画布); sometimes he stuck real feathers on to his pictures. He knew a great deal about the technique of painting and he taught it all to Pablo. Life in Malaga was very pleasant. In the hot Mediterranean sunshine, father and son would walk down to the beach to look at the boats on the shore or wander round the open markets. They made a strange pair. Don Jose was tall and thin, with red hair and beard, sad grey eyes and a fine set of whiskers. He was so shy and correct that he was nicknamed "the Englishman". Pablo was quite the opposite. He had his mother’s small, strong build; he had straight black hair, and bright black eyes that noticed everything that was going on around him. Who had great influence on Picasso ______
The Romans built great "aqueducts" to carry fresh water from the mountains to the cities. Many of these aqueducts are still standing today. The Romans also built great pipes under the ground to carry away the sewage. In Rome, one of these sewage pipes(sewers) is still used today; it is 2000 years old. The Roman Emperors even set up government health service. They built the first great public hospitals in Europe, and they paid doctors to look after poor people. Then the Roman Empire fell to pieces, these civilized methods of treatment disappeared from most of Europe, for more than a thousand years. People went back to the old ways. They lived in dirty conditions which helped to cause diseases; and they asked God to cure the diseases. They shut up mentally sick people in prisons. Or they burnt them alive because they were supposed to have magic(有魔力的) powers. But the work of the Greek and Roman doctors was not lost. Over a thousand years ago, the Arabs moved into many of the Mediterranean countries. They took big parts of the old Roman lands. They translated the Greek and Roman medical books into Arabic. Arab doctors themselves made many new discoveries. When civilization at last came back to Europe, men once again translated the Greek and Roman works on medicine into Latin. Slowly—very slowly—European doctors discovered again the things that the Greeks and Romans had known so long ago. Slowly, they began to make new discoveries. They found out more about the way the body works—the way our blood goes round our bodies, the way our nerves send messages from our brains to our muscles, the way these muscles move our bodies. From this article we’ve learned that the Arabs ______.
statement / /
Pablo Ruiz Picasso was the favourite child of his family. He was the only boy among a great many girl cousins. That was enough to make him important, but his father loved him especially, because he knew his son was going to be an artist. Pablo knew the word for pencil even before he could say Mamma and Papa. When he was small he spent hours by himself making delightful little drawings of animals and people. If his mother sent him out to play in the square, he went on drawing in the dust under the trees. One of his favourite models was his younger sister, Lola. Don Jose Ruiz, Pablo’s father, was director of the museum at Malaga in southern Spain. He earned only a small salary, but there was not much work to do and he was able to practise his hobby, which was painting pigeons. Don Jose loved pigeons very much. He painted them dead or alive in ones and two and in dozens. Sometimes he painted them on paper, cut them out and stuck them on to canvas(油画布); sometimes he stuck real feathers on to his pictures. He knew a great deal about the technique of painting and he taught it all to Pablo. Life in Malaga was very pleasant. In the hot Mediterranean sunshine, father and son would walk down to the beach to look at the boats on the shore or wander round the open markets. They made a strange pair. Don Jose was tall and thin, with red hair and beard, sad grey eyes and a fine set of whiskers. He was so shy and correct that he was nicknamed "the Englishman". Pablo was quite the opposite. He had his mother’s small, strong build; he had straight black hair, and bright black eyes that noticed everything that was going on around him. Don Jose and Pablo were "a strange pair" because ______.
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