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The amount of sunlight reaching Earth’s surface appears to be growing. The phenomenon, which some dub "global brightening," (1) scientists with a puzzle. If the (2) is real and global, how long will it last and what are the consequences for climate change, the planet’s water cycle, and other (3) that draw energy from sunlight (4) , the answer might seem obvious: More sunlight reaching the ground in a warming world means that temperatures will get warmer (5) Not so fast, some researchers say. Additional warming would be certain (6) nothing else in the climate system changes. And the climate system is (7) static. Some combinations of changes could reinforce the heating; others could (8) it. Unraveling these interactions and forecasting their course require an accurate accounting of the sunlight reaching the surface and the (9) the surface sends skyward. Moreover, researchers say, measurements of the sun’s strength at Earth’s surface are potentially powerful tools for (10) human influences on the climate.Earth’s radiation "budget" (11) an "extremely important parameter that is (12) known," says Robert Charlson, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Washington at Seattle. "It needs to be (13) much better than it is." (14) about the amount of sunlight reaching Earth’s surface were first raised in 1974. Researchers from the United States and Israel recorded a 12% drop (15) sunlight over 40 years at a (16) station in the southern Sinai Peninsula. Since then, others have used a variety of techniques to try to track (17) sunlight. Three years ago, for example, a (18) led by Beate Liepert at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory gathered data from ground (19) around the world and found that solar radiation reaching the surface fell (20) 4% from 1961 to 1990. Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1.14（）
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以下程序的输出结果是______。main() char a[]="programming"，b[]="language"； char *p1，*p2； int i； p1=a；p2=b； for(i=0；i＜7；i++) if(*(p1+i)==*(p2+i))printf("%c"，*(p1+i))；
Text 4In a paper just published in Science, Peter Gordon of Columbia University uses his study of thePiraha and their counting system to try to answer a tricky linguistic question. The Piraha, a group of hunter-gatherers who live along the banks of the Maici River in Brazil, use a system of counting called "one-two-many". In this, the word for "one" translates to "roughly one" (similar to "one or two" in English), the word for "two" means "a slightly larger amount than one" (similar to "a few" in English), and the word for "many" means "a much larger amount".This question was posed by Benjamin Lee Whorl in the 1930s. Whorl studied Hopi, an Amerindian language very different from the Eurasian languages that had hitherto been the subject of academic linguistics. His work led him to suggest that language not only influences thought but, more strongly, that it determines thought.While there is no dispute that language influences what people think about, evidence suggesting it determines thought is inconclusive. For example, in 1972, Eleanor Rosch and Karl Heider investigated the colour-naming abilities of the Dani people of Indonesia. The Dani have words for only two colours: black and white. But Dr. Rosch and Dr. Heider found that, even so, Dani could distinguish and comprehend other colours. That does not support the deterministic version of the Whorf hypothesis.While recognising that there are such things as colours for which you have no name is certainly a cognitive leap, it may not be a good test of Whorf’s ideas. Colours, after all, are out there everywhere. Numbers, by contrast, are abstract, so may be a better test. Dr. Gordon there[ore spent a month with the Piraha and elicited the help of seven of them to see how far their grasp of numbers extended.The tests began simply, with a row of, say, seven evenly spaced batteries. Gradually, they got more complicated. The more complicated tests included tasks such as matching numbers of unevenly spaced objects, replicating the number of objects from memory, and copying a number of straight lines from a drawing.In the tests that involved matching the number and layout of objects they could see, participants were pretty good when faced with two or three items, but found it harder to cope as the number of items rose. Things were worse when the participants had to remember the number of objects in a layout and replicate it "blind", rather than matching a layout they couldsee. In this case the success rate dropped to zero when the number of items became, in terms of their language, "many".And line drawing produced the worst results of all—though that could have had as much to do with the fact that drawing is not part of Picaha culture as it did with the difficulties of numerical abstraction. Indeed, Dr. Gordon described the task of reproducing straight lines as being accomplished only with "heavy sighs and groans". Dr. Gordon focused his attention on the Piraha's counting ability because （）
Text 3The "MyDoom" virus could presage a generation of computer attacks by organised gangs aiming to extract ransoms from online businesses, experts said yesterday.The warning came as the website run by SCO, a company that sells Unix computer software, in effect disappeared from the web under a blizzard of automated attacks from PCs infected by the virus, which first appeared a week ago.The "myDoom-A" version of the virus is reckoned to be the worst to have hit the internet, in terms of the speed of its spread, with millions of PCs worldwide believed to be infected. Such "zombie" machines begin to send out hundreds of copies of the virus every hourto almost any e-mail address in their files.On Sunday they began sending automated queries to SCO’s website, an attack that will continue until 12 February. The attack is the web equivalent of ringing the company’s doorbell and running away a million times a second, leaving its computers unable to deal with standard requests to view its pages."You have to wonder about the time limit," said Graham Cluley, senior technology consultant at the antivirus company Sophos. "Someone could go to SCO after the 12th and say, ’If you don’t want this to happen again, here are our demands’." Raimund Genes, European president of the security software firm Trend Micro, said: "Such a programme could take out any major website on the internet. It’s not terrorism, but it is somebody who is obviously upset with SCO."SCO has earned the enmity of computer users through a lawsuit it has filed against IBM. SCO claims ownership of computer code it says IBM put into the free operating system Linux, and is demanding licence fees and damages of $1bn.Mr. Cluley said: "It might be that whoever is behind this will say to SCO, ’if you don’t want the next one to target you, drop the lawsuit’. ’ SCO has offered $250,000 (~{~140,000) for information leading to the arrest of the person or people who wrote and distributed MyDoom.Nell Barrett, of the security company Information Risk Management, said, "I would give a lot of credence to the idea of gangs using viruses to extort money. It’s hard for law enforcement to track them down, because they’re using machines owned by innocent people. ’A second variant of MyDoom will start attacking part of Microsoft’s website later today. The antivirus company MessageLabs said it had blocked more than 16 million copies of the virus in transit over the net so far. But millions more will have reached their targets. The onset of a new generation of computer attacks was marked by （）
某一国有保险公司理赔人季某指使他人故意虚报保险事故，由自己进行虚假理赔，骗取保险金20余万元据为已有。季某的行为构成( )。
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