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第三篇： The Body ThievesIn the early nineteenth century in Britain，many improvements were being made in the world of medicine．Doctors and Surgeons were becoming more knowledgeable about the human body．Illnesses that had been fatal a few years before were now curable．However, Surgeons had one problem．They needed dead bodies to cut up，or dissect(解剖)．This was the only way that they could learn about the flesh and bones inside the body。and the only way to teach new surgeons to carry out operations.The job of finding these dead bodies was carried out by an unpleasant group of people called“body snatchers’’．They went into graveyards(墓地)at night and，using wooden shovels to make less noise。dug up any recently buried bodies．Then they took the bodies to the medical schools and sold them．A body could be sold for between￡5 and~10，which was a lot of money at that time．The doctors who paid the body snatchers had all agreement with t}them—they never asked any questions．They did not desire to know where the bodies came from，as long as they kept arriving．The most famous of these body snatchers were two men from Edinburgh called William Burke and William Hare．Burke and Hare were different because they did not just dig Up bodies from graveyards．They got greedy and thought of all easier way to find bodies．Instead of digging them up，they killed the poorer guests in Hare’s small hotel．Dr．Knox，the respected surgeon they worked for, never asked why all the bodies they brought him had been strangled(勒死)．For many years Burke and Hare were not caught because，unsurprisingly, the bodies of their victims were never found by the police．They were eventually arrested and put on trial in 1 829.The judge showed mercy to Hare and he was released but Burke Was found guilty and his punishment was to be hanged．Appropriately, his body Was given to the medical school and he ended up on the dissecting table，just like his victims．In one small way,．justice was done．Now，over 150 years later, surgeons do not need the help of criminals to learn their skills．However，the science of surgery could not have developed without their rather gruesome(令人毛骨悚然的) help． The body snatchers used wooden shovels because（）
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第二篇： New U．S．Plan for Disease PreventionUrging Americans to take responsibility for their health，Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a$1 5 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease，cancer and diabetes (糖尿病)。The initiative highlights the COSTS of chronic diseases—the leading causes of death in the United States--and outlines ways that people can prevent them，including better diet and increased exercise．“In the United States today,7 of 1 0 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness，disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases，”the Health and Human Services department said in a statement．The causes are often behavioral--smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise．“I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future．”Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative．‘‘Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices．”Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than$35 1 billion in2003．“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable，yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier, longer lives，”he said．The$1 5 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention，pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more．Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes，and prevent cancer and strokes．The money will also go to community organizations，clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they card do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening．The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers Can be caught by screening，including Pap tests(巴氏试验)for cervical(子宫颈的)cancer mammograms(乳房X线照片)for breast cancer, colonoscopies (结肠镜检查)，and prostate(前列腺的)checks．If such cancers were all caught by early screening，the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent． Early cancer screening Can help reduce significantly（）
案例分析题案例一： 一般资料：求助者，女性，１８岁，大专学生。 下面是心理咨询师与求助者的一段咨询谈话： 心理咨询师：你好，请坐。你有什么问题，咱们谈谈吧！ 求助者：我心情很不好，总是烦躁，老感到有什么事情要发生，你能帮帮我吗？ 心理咨询师：你能谈谈心情怎么了吗？什么让你烦躁？ 求助者：我原先学习一直很好，一年前因为头痛期末考试没考好，以后一到考试前就紧张、心慌。近一个月来，不愿去教室，在教室里总感到心慌，看书也不能集中注意力。现在人多时感到浑身不舒服，呼吸都感到不顺畅，当众写字手会发抖。很烦躁，睡眠也不好。你说我该怎么办？我不学习没办法毕业，前途就毁了。 心理咨询师：哦，听你说的情况我也很为你着急，本来因该在学校上课，却为此缺课这么多，这让你感到心烦是吗？ 求助者：是的，所以就来求你告诉我该怎么办。 心理咨询师：我想告诉你，我年轻时也曾考试紧张，所以，我很理解你现在的心情。 求助者：你能告诉我怎么办吗？ 心理咨询师：我还需要进一步了解你的情况，然后我们共同讨论下一步怎么办，好吗？ 该求助者的自知力表现在对（）。
案例分析题案例七： 一般资料：求助者，男性，13岁，初一学生。 案例介绍：求助者从小生活在农村奶奶家，九岁被父母接到城里上学。由于讲方言，经常被同学们笑话，求助者觉得自己是从乡下来的，很自卑。一直努力学习，并考上一所重点中学。上初中后仍非常害羞，一说话就脸红，不敢注视对方的眼睛，平时几乎不与别人来往，不愿参加集体活动。父母觉得男孩子不应该这样，求助者自己也希望能象其他同学那样有良好的人际关系，所以来心理咨询。 下面是心理咨询师与求助者的一段咨询谈话： 求助者：我一跟别人说话就紧张，您说怎么办？ 心理咨询师：能说说你能紧张什么吗？或者说担心害怕什么？ 求助者：（沉默）………，我觉得是害怕别人说我笨。 心理咨询师：那你觉得自己笨吗？ 求助者：我从小生活在农村，很多方面都不如别人，比如，很多同学都会用笔记本电脑上网，可我以前都没上过网，同学们都笑话我。我总觉得自己比别人笨，不愿意与别人交往。 心理咨询师：你说你在许多方面都不如别人，可怎么解释你考上重点中学的事？ 求助者：那说明我还不笨？对吗？ 心理咨询师：是啊，很多人都没考上重点中学，而你考上了，这说明你不比别人笨。而且通过自己的努力还成为了佼佼者，说明你的努力也是有效的。由于原来生活环境的差异，你与其他同学相比某些方面有欠缺也是正常的，这会在以后的生活中慢慢弥补。我当时也是从农村出来的，大学时还没见过手机。后来也是通过自己的努力，取得一些成绩。我相信，你只要主动与别人交流，渐渐克服紧张情绪，就会收获到更多的友谊，对吗？ 求助者：你说得对。 心理咨询师：今天你先回去思考一下怎么与人更好地交往，我们下次再谈好吗？ 求助者：好的，谢谢您！ 在咨询过程中，心理咨询师使用的参与性技术包括（）。
孕妇35岁，妊娠38周，有原发不孕史，B型超声检查提示羊水指数5cm，宫颈Bishop评分4分，进一步处理是( )
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