Passage Two Women earn less than men. For example, in 1988 the hourly wages of women in the U.S. were 26% less than those of men. The between male and female incomes varies with age. The gap between the labor incomes of young women and young men is much smaller than that between middle-aged women and men. It is also clear that jobs in which women are concentrated pay less. The larger the number of workers in an industry who are women, the lower the average wages. Why do women earn less than men Are the differences explained by the fact that women are looked down upon If so, the government has to intervene, to force the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs. However, there is no agreement among economists about the causes of the gap. ①One view argues that women on the average have chosen low paying jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force, which reduces their years of experience relative to men. Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background which is shown in the difference in the marginal product between men and women. Much of the gap, however, has not been fully explained. It might be the result of some bias against women. It is this part that has produced calls for government action. What would happen if the government did intervene to increase the wages paid to women One possibility, is that incomes for women as a group might actually decline. An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor input demanded, resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new workers declines. The result will be a surplus of labor. Those who can find jobs might be better off while those who had jobs might find themselves out of work. The difference in labor incomes is most obvious between______
A. young men and young women
B. young women in the same industry
C. middle-aged men and middle-aged women
D. middle-aged women in the same industry
Passage One Londoners are great readers. They buy vast numbers of newspapers and magazines and of books-especially paperbacks, which are still comparatively cheap in spite of ever increasing rises in the costs of printing. They still continue to buy "proper" books, too, printed on good paper and hotrod between hard covers. There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in book selling. Perhaps the best known of these is Charring Cross Road in the very heart of London. ① Here bookshops of all sorts and sizes are to be found, from the celebrated one which boasts of being "the biggest bookshop in the world" to the tiny, dusty little places which seem to have been left over from Dickens’ time. Some of these shops stock, or will obtain, any kind of book, but many of them specialize in second hand books, in art books, in foreign books, in books on philosophy, politics or any other of the myriad(无数的) subjects about which books may be written. One shop in this area specializes solely in books about ballet! Although it may be the most convenient place for Londoners to buy books, Charring Cross Road is not the cheapest. For the really cheap second hand volumes, the collector must venture off the beaten track, to Farringdon Road, for example, in the East Central district of London. Here there is nothing so grandiose(宏伟的) as bookshops. Instead, the booksellers come along each morning and tip out their sacks of books on to small barrows(流动售货车) which line the gutters. And the collectors, some professional and some amateur, who have been waiting for them, pounce(一把抓住) upon the dusty cascaded. In places like this one can still, occasionally, pick up for a few pence an old volume that may be worth many pounds. The book sellers on Farringdon Road______
A. keep fine bookshops
B. keep only small bookshops
C. sell books on hand carts
D. sell the same books as the bookshops on Charring Cross Road
会计档案原件不得借出,如有特殊需要,必须经总会计师批准,在不拆散原卷册的情况下,可以提供查阅或者复制,并办理登记手续。 ( )
A. 对
B. 错
Passage Three Drunken driving-sometimes called America’s socially accepted form of murder-has become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 250,000 over the past decade. A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American macho(男子气概的) image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant. Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21. ①Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop "responsible attitudes" about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink. Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A tavern(酒馆) in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was "obviously intoxicated" and later drove off the road, killing a nine-year-old boy. ②As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the"noble experiment". They forget that legal prohibition didn’t stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution Drunken driving has become a major problem in America because______
A. most Americans are heavy drinkers
B. Americans are now less shocked by road accidents
C. accidents attract so much publicity
D. drinking is a socially accepted habit in America