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共用题干题The software architecture is a set of software components, subsystems, relationships, interactions, the properties of each of these elements, and the set of guiding principles that together constitute the fundamental properties and constraints of a software system or set of systems. (1) defines a general set of element types and their interactions. The examples include Pipes and Filters, Model-View-Controller, and Reflection. A (2) in software architecture is a representation used to understand or document one or more aspects of a problem or solution. Architecture is usually used in conjunction with many adjunct terms. The (3) defines the key strategies, organization, goals and related processes of the enterprise. At the enterprise level, the (4) may be more of a set of guidelines on how the various software architectures should be constructed consistently across the enterprise. The (5) , which describes the high-level set of elements involved in application from a particular domain along with their interactions, is often used to focus on subsystem definition rather than application process level definition. 空白（4）处应选择（）
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确认测试主要用于验证软件的功能、性能和其他特性是否与用户需求一致。下述各种测试中，（）为确认测试。
共用题干题正确识别风险点、非风险点、敏感点和权衡点是进行软件架构评价的关键步骤。其中（1）是实现一个特定质量属性的关键特征，该特征为一个或多个软件构件所共有。“改变加密的级别可能会对安全性和性能都产生显著的影响”，这是一个对系统（2）的描述。 空白（1）处应选择（）
共用题干题An application architecture specifies the technologies to be used to implement one or more information systems. It serves as an outline for detailed design, construction, and implementation. Given the models and details, include(1), we can distribut data and processes to create a general design of application architecture. The design will normally be constrained by architecture standards, project objectives, and (2). The first physical DFD to be drawn is the (3). The next step is to distribute data stores to different processors. Data (4) are two types of distributed data which most RDBMSs support. There are many distribution options used in data distribution. In the case of (5), we should record each table as a data store on the physical DFD and connect each to the appropriate server. 空白（5）处应选择（）
共用题干题Information systems design is defined as those tasks that focus on the specification of a detailed computer-based solution. Typically, there are four systems design tasks for in-house development. 1)The first task is to specify (1), which defines the technologies to be used by one, more, or all information systems in terms of their data, processes, interfaces, and network components. This task is accomplished by analyzing the data models and process models that are initially created during requirements analysis. 2)The next systems design task is to develop the (2). The purpose of this task is to prepare technical design specifications for a database that will be adaptable to future requirements and expansion. 3)Once the database prototype has been built, the systems designer can work closely with system users to develop input, output and dialogue specifications. The (3) must be specified to ensure that the outputs are not lost, misrouted, misused, or incomplete. 4)The fourth design task involves packaging all the specifications from the previous design tasks into a set of specifications that will guide the (4) activities during the following phases of the systems development methodology. Finally, we should (5) and update the project plan accordingly. The key deliverable should include a detailed plan for the construction phase that should follow. 空白（1）处应选择（）
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