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Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye Health Even people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline(基线)eye exams at age 40, says the American Academy of Ophthalmology(AAO)(美国眼科学会) The reminder(提示)is part of the AAO’s EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February. " Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs, " Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux, a clinical correspondent for the AAO, said in a prepared statement. "Gradual changes in vision can affect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities. Based on the findings from the initial screening, an eye doctor will create a schedule for follow-up eye exams. People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or are at high risk due to family history, diabetes(糖尿病)or high blood pressure should consult with their eye doctor to determine how often they should have their eyes checked, the AAO recommends. By 2020, 43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eve diseases such as cata-racts(白内障)and glaucoma(青光眼). That’s a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases. But many Americans are unconcerned about the risk of vision loss. Only 23 percent of Americans are very concerned about losing their vision, while most feel weight gain or joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss, according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign. A schedule for follow-up eye exams will be created by the findings from the initial screening.
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Dangers Await Babies with Altitude Women who live in the world’s highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes. Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn’t clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished—many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down. To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3. 65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers. Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. "We were very surprised by this result, "says Giussani. The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. "This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child," says Giussani. His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body. Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life. Giussani and his team are sure that______.
She’s extremely competent andindustrious.
Ants as a Barometer of Ecological Change At picnics, ants are pests. But they have their uses. In industries such as mining,farming and forestry, they can help gauge the health of the environment by just crawling around and being antsy. It has been recognized for decades that ant—which are highly sensitive to ecological change—can provide a near-perfect barometer of the state of an ecosystem. Only certain species, for instance, will continue to thrive at a forest site that has been cleared of trees. 【B1】______ And still others will move in and take up residence. By looking at which species populate a deforested area, scientists can determine how "stressed" the land is. 【B2】______Ants are used simply because they are so common and comprise so many species. Where mine sites are being restored, for example, some ant species will recolonize the stripped land more quickly than others. 【B3】______Australian mining company Capricorn Coal Management has been successfully using ant surveys for years to determine the rate of recovery of land that it is replanting near its German Creek mine in Queensland. Ant surveys also have been used with mine-site recovery projects in Africa and Brazil, where warm climates encourage dense and diverse ant populations. "We found it worked extremely well there, " says Jonathan Majer, a professor of environmental biology. Yet the surveys are perfeetlv suited to climates throughout Asia, he says, because ants are so common throughout the region. As Majer puts it; "That’s the great thing about ants. " Ant surveys are so highly-regarded as ecological indicators that governments worldwide accept their results when assessing the environmental impact of mining and tree harvesting. 【B4】______ Why not Because many companies can’t afford the expense or the laboratory time needed to sift results for a comprehensive survey. The cost stems, also, from the scarcity of ant specialists. 【B5】______A This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery.B Yet in other businesses, such as farming and property development, ant surveys aren’t used widely.C Employing those people are expensive.D They do this by sorting the ants, counting their numbers and comparing the results with those of earlier surveys.E The evolution of ant species may have a strong impact on our ecosystem.F Others will die out for lack of food. 【B2】
Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye Health Even people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline(基线)eye exams at age 40, says the American Academy of Ophthalmology(AAO)(美国眼科学会) The reminder(提示)is part of the AAO’s EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February. " Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs, " Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux, a clinical correspondent for the AAO, said in a prepared statement. "Gradual changes in vision can affect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities. Based on the findings from the initial screening, an eye doctor will create a schedule for follow-up eye exams. People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or are at high risk due to family history, diabetes(糖尿病)or high blood pressure should consult with their eye doctor to determine how often they should have their eyes checked, the AAO recommends. By 2020, 43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eve diseases such as cata-racts(白内障)and glaucoma(青光眼). That’s a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases. But many Americans are unconcerned about the risk of vision loss. Only 23 percent of Americans are very concerned about losing their vision, while most feel weight gain or joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss, according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign. Most Americans are concerned about the risk of vision loss more than weight gain or joint pain.
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