题目内容

When did the conversation take place

At about five o’’clock.
B. At about nine o’’clock.
C. At about ten o’’clock.
D. At about eleven o’’clock.

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For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards" , and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological " drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink, some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise. It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome. Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to " reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’’s response in situation where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights, and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side. Papousek’’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights that pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control. According to the author, babies learn to do things which________.

A. will lead to some rewards
B. will meet their physical needs
C. will bring them a feeling of success
D. will satisfy their curiosity

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What is the man going to do with his house

A. He is going to sell it.
B. He will rent it to others.
C. He will give it to others.
D. He will move it.

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What did the man offer to do

A. He offered to get the ashtray.
B. He offered to make coffee.
C. He offered to do washing-up.
D. He offered to drive the woman to the phone.

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Why can’’t the woman go playing ping-pong ball right now

A. She must do something else at first.
B. She doesn’’t like playing ping-pong at all.
C. She cannot afford the time.
D. She has an important appointment with her doctor.

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When did the conversation take place

At about five o’’clock. B. At about nine o’’clock. C. At about ten o’’clock. D. At about eleven o’’clock.

What is the man going to do with his house

What did the man offer to do

Why can’’t the woman go playing ping-pong ball right now

At about five o’’clock.
B. At about nine o’’clock.
C. At about ten o’’clock.
D. At about eleven o’’clock.