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[听力原文] ？？“指鹿为马”是中国的一个成语。故事发生在秦朝，一个名叫赵高的人想造反，怕别人不同意，就先实验一下。他把一匹鹿献给皇帝，说：“这是马。”皇帝笑着说：“你错了，这是鹿，不是马。”问旁边的人，有的人不说话，有的说是马，有的说是鹿。事后赵高就把说是鹿的人杀了。 ？？“指鹿为马”是一种十分有用的观察人的方法。在交际中我们可以故意把这个说成那个，把对的说成是错的，从而使人们不得不在对错面前说出自己的态度，通过他的态度，来了解他的品质、能力、个人爱好等。它就好像一面镜子，用得好，可以把人的各个方面都反映出来。用它可以看出一个人的好坏和能力。 赵高把什么献给皇帝了？（）
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On April 20, 2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004. The six countries (21) themselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficits (22) 10 percent of the previous years government (23) ; reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003; creating a Convergence Council to help (24) macroeconomic policies; and (25) up a common central bank. Their declaration (26) that, "Member States (27) the need (28) strong political commitment and (29) to (30) all such national policies (31) would facilitate the regional monetary integration process. "The goal of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to (32) broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and (33) institutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countries in the region. (34) independence, (35) , these currency boards were (36) , with the (37) of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Although there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities in several of the region’s countries have to (38) inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in 1999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional (39) in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be (40) . 35().
On April 20, 2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004. The six countries (21) themselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficits (22) 10 percent of the previous years government (23) ; reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003; creating a Convergence Council to help (24) macroeconomic policies; and (25) up a common central bank. Their declaration (26) that, "Member States (27) the need (28) strong political commitment and (29) to (30) all such national policies (31) would facilitate the regional monetary integration process. "The goal of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to (32) broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and (33) institutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countries in the region. (34) independence, (35) , these currency boards were (36) , with the (37) of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Although there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities in several of the region’s countries have to (38) inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in 1999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional (39) in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be (40) . 32().
On April 20, 2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004. The six countries (21) themselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficits (22) 10 percent of the previous years government (23) ; reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003; creating a Convergence Council to help (24) macroeconomic policies; and (25) up a common central bank. Their declaration (26) that, "Member States (27) the need (28) strong political commitment and (29) to (30) all such national policies (31) would facilitate the regional monetary integration process. "The goal of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to (32) broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and (33) institutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countries in the region. (34) independence, (35) , these currency boards were (36) , with the (37) of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Although there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities in several of the region’s countries have to (38) inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in 1999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional (39) in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be (40) . 34().
What is it that brings about such an intimate connection between language and thinking Is there no thinking without the use of language, namely in concepts and concept combinations for which words need not necessarily come to mind Has not every one of us struggled for words although the connection between "things" was already clear (61) We might be inclined to attribute to the act of thinking complete independence from language if the individual formed or were able to form his concepts without the verbal guidance of his environment. Yet most likely the mental shape of an individual, growing up under such conditions, would be very poor. Thus we may conclude that the mental development of the individual and his way of forming concepts depend to a high degree upon language. This makes us realize to what extent the same language means the same mentality. In this sense thinking and language are linked together. What distinguishes the language of science from languages as we ordinarily understand the word How is it that scientific language is international (62) What science strives for is an utmost acuteness and clarity of concepts as regards their mutual relation and their correspondence to sensory data. As an illustration, let us take the language of Euclidean geometry arid Algebra. They manipulate with a small number of independently introduced concepts, respectively symbols, such as the integral number, the straight line, the point, as well as with signs which designate the fundamental concepts. This is the basis for the construction, respectively definition of all other statements and concepts. The connection between concepts and statements on the one hand and the sensory data on the other hand is established through acts of counting and measuring whose performance is sufficiently well determined. (63) The super-national character of scientific concepts and scientific language is due to the fact that they have been set up by the best brains of all countries and all times. In solitude and yet in cooperative effort as regards the final effect they created the spiritual tools for the technical revolutions which have transformed the life of mankind in the last centuries. Their system of concepts has served as a guide in the bewildering chaos of perceptions so that we learn to grasp general truths from particular observations. What hopes and fears does the scientific method imply for mankind I do not think that this is the right way to put the question. Whatever this tool in the hand of man will produce depends entirely on the nature of the goals alive in this mankind. Once these goals exist, the scientific method furnishes means to realize them. Yet it cannot furnish the very goals. (64) The scientific method itself would not have led anywhere, it would not even have been born without a passionate striving for clear understanding. Perfection of means and confusion of goals seem--in my opinion--to characterize our age. (65) If we desire sincerely and passionately the safety, the welfare and the free development of the talents of all men, we shall not be in want of the means to approach such a state. Even if only a small part of mankind strives for such goals, their superiority will prove itself in the long run.
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