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Two People, Two PathsYou must be familiar with the situation: Dad"s driving, Mum"s telling him where to go. He"s sure that they need to turn left. But she says it"s not for another two blocks. Who has the better sense of direction Men or women.They both do, a new study says, but in different ways.Men and women, Canadian researchers have found, have different methods of finding their way. Men look quickly at landmarks (地标) and head off in what they think is the right direction. Women, however, try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head."Women tend to be more detailed," said Edward Cornell, who led the study, "while men tend to be a little bit faster and ... a little bit more intuitive (直觉感知的)."In fact, said Cornell, "sense of direction" isn"t one skill but two.The first is the "survey method". This is when you see an area from above, such as a printed map. You can see, for example, where the hospital is, where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right.The second skill is the "route method". This is when you use a series of directions. You start from the hospital, then turn left, turn right, go uphill—and then you see the supermarket.Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions.Both work, and neither is better.Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history. They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles.In ancient times, young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt. The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places. The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks—the mountains, the lakes and so on.The women, on the other hand, took young girls out to find fruits and plants. These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths. So, women"s sense of space was based on learning certain routes. Which of the following is NOT a landmark
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They Say Ireland"s the BestIreland is the best place in the world to live for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain"s Economist magazine last week.The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazine calls "freedom, family and community life".Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion (拥挤), gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest (最差的), picking up only 3.89 points."Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued," the report said, "some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown (崩溃) in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.""Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life."The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics.No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain.The UK is positioned at No.29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP (人均国内生产总值) after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half of the league at 60th. Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.
Dancing in the StreetsIf there is one thing certain to get Brazilians on their feet, it is the Rio Carnival (狂欢节). Held in Rio de Janeiro, the country"s biggest city, the carnival began on February 20 when the mayor gave key of the city to Rei Momo—the Lord of Misrule (无序之皇).On his orders, each year people turn the city into a paradise of dance and music. The following six days are so full of parades, street dancing, fantastic clothes and partying (聚会) that many people forget about eating and sleeping."It was the passion of the carnival that attracted me to Brazil and made me settle down in Rio," said Bob Nadkarni, a British man who has lived in the city for several years. For many Brazilians, the centrepiece of the carnival is samba (桑巴舞), a typical Brazilian dance. Every year, tens of thousands of visitors and locals show off their passion and energy in the streets, following the beat (节拍) of the Latin music.The climax to this street party is the float (彩车) parade, in which floats decorated with tons of fresh flowers by various samba schools and local communities move through the city. On the top of each float stands the candidate for the Drum Queen, who is chosen at the end of the party.While most people are free to enjoy the celebrations, Rio"s police officers have to keep a clear head. Following the murder of three officers in a gunfight early last week, the Brazilian Government has tightened security in Rio. The street fighting, robbery and sex crimes that accompany the carnival are very difficult to police.Carnivals began in ancient Rome as a celebration at which people fed wild wolves, in honour of the city"s founder who was said to have been raised by a she-wolf. Brazil gave new life to this tradition and so, despite the troubles, the carnival will remain a symbol of the country"s culture. The word "centerpiece" in the 3rd paragraph means
They Say Ireland"s the BestIreland is the best place in the world to live for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain"s Economist magazine last week.The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazine calls "freedom, family and community life".Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion (拥挤), gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest (最差的), picking up only 3.89 points."Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued," the report said, "some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown (崩溃) in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.""Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life."The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics.No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain.The UK is positioned at No.29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP (人均国内生产总值) after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half of the league at 60th. Job security is the least important measure of life quality.
Two People, Two PathsYou must be familiar with the situation: Dad"s driving, Mum"s telling him where to go. He"s sure that they need to turn left. But she says it"s not for another two blocks. Who has the better sense of direction Men or women.They both do, a new study says, but in different ways.Men and women, Canadian researchers have found, have different methods of finding their way. Men look quickly at landmarks (地标) and head off in what they think is the right direction. Women, however, try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head."Women tend to be more detailed," said Edward Cornell, who led the study, "while men tend to be a little bit faster and ... a little bit more intuitive (直觉感知的)."In fact, said Cornell, "sense of direction" isn"t one skill but two.The first is the "survey method". This is when you see an area from above, such as a printed map. You can see, for example, where the hospital is, where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right.The second skill is the "route method". This is when you use a series of directions. You start from the hospital, then turn left, turn right, go uphill—and then you see the supermarket.Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions.Both work, and neither is better.Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history. They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles.In ancient times, young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt. The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places. The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks—the mountains, the lakes and so on.The women, on the other hand, took young girls out to find fruits and plants. These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths. So, women"s sense of space was based on learning certain routes. Which works better, the route method or the survey method
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